Modeling and Simulation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

*SUPERSEDURE NOTICE - This Technical Manual supersedes TM 9-1010-230-23&P dated 30 November 2005, inlcuding all changes.

The author first explains what a hybrid is, stating “A hybrid is a cross between two established varieties of plant, animal… or technology.” She introduces the hybrid vehicle, a new form of technology that stands as a possible answer for a vehicle that is both energy preserving and safer for the environment. Before she dives into details of how the vehicle works, she enlightens the reader on what the article is about and the objective of the hybrid vehicle. Students enrolling in an engineering course in a post-secondary institution will be more

Semester 2 Assessment November 2012 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ELEN20005 FOUNDATIONS OF ELECTRICAL NETWORKS Time allowed: 180 minutes Reading time: 15 minutes This paper has 28 pages including the 3-page Formulae Sheet The test is printed single-sided.

TM4, the industrial partner, is a leading manufacturer and supplier of traction motors and drives for electric vehicle industry in Canada. As a drive manufacturer, they always aim to provide solution which is energy efficient with small footprint. In order to achieve this, they always look for alternative software and hardware solutions. Software modifications, which may improve the system performance in comparison to their existing drive control strategy without increasing the size of the system, are always sought after for continuous improvement of their system. In this regards, the internship is relevant to them for exploring alternative control strategies.

Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars.

Hybrid cars are built on the advantages of both combustion engine cars and battery-powered electric motor cars, and the hybrid cars will be an alternative to combustion engine cars until next step technologies such as fully electric vehicles or fuel-cell powered vehicles will take over. This article supports the ideas shown in the main source through hybrid vehicle technology.

The article “The Gas-Electric Hybrid Demystified” by Sara R. Howerth, gives the reader some insight on the new developed technology of hybrid cars. The author uses the difference between four engine models; Gas-Engine, Battery Powered Electric, Hybrid model #1 and Hybrid model #2 – to show just how far technology has come and to say that this is only just the beginning. The engine will keep evolving as long as our natural resources continue to diminish and our need for them increases.

Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.

Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.

Technology has been advancing since the turn of the century at an unparalleled pace with the constant announcement of new gadgets and innovations. Of the thousands of new technological advancements made in the past decade, the introduction of the electric car has been the most widely discussed topic. Electric cars are one hundred percent emission free and can replace the fire spitting, bone chilling sounds of a thunderous gasoline engine with the eloquent silence of luxury and speed. However, as with all things technological, electric vehicles have their problems. Electric cars have several benefits and could possibly replace gas cars in the future, but they are not refined enough to take over the world today because of a few technicalities

Introduction: (provides the big pictures and context), problem description, analysis and study, results, summary and future work (more of engineering), appendices and references.

Electric motor - The electric motor on a hybrid car is very sophisticated. Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries.

The purpose for this research report is so that students can familiarize themselves with hybrid electric vehicles and their features that make them unique in contrast to other vehicles. This report will educate the reader on the “BMW i8’s” vital components such as the engine, battery, and other elements related to electric vehicles. To put into perspective the significant advantage hybrid electric vehicles have over vehicles

The project is to design an electric vehicle that has to be road worthy and comfortable to drive off road as well. We are doing These because it is the future of Automobile industry. These is fully ecofriendly and these is one of the best solution to decrease the carbon emission in our environment. EV which we are design is Fully built from Scratch, which is look like a Wheelie jeep. Because its roadworthy so we have design this car under the concern of the New Zealand Transport rules and regulation. The car is two doors with two Seating capacity. we have to make it lighter and off road drive so we choose the poly carbonate shell material. The car is fully electrically automated with electric power steering and some other feature. It also has an Electrical winch which is detachable at front or back. It is a four-wheel drive and with high torque and doesn’t produce any excessive sound. The car has a AC motor as drivetrain and the energy source for drive is a lithium Batteries which is highly efficient as compared to other battery. We design good breaking system because electric motor has a very high acceleration as compared to CI cars. EVS running cost is much lower and very less maintenance. It has a range of 80 km per charge and it can be charge in your garage 240 V plug socket. The money spent on the EVs has reasonable and payback to us.

The potential to create exceptional, innovative products through the use of electrical engineering and embedded systems have always fascinated me. From the miniaturized circuit boards in smartphones and tablet PCs to the large-scale embedded electronics used in aerospace systems (Bozzano, Cimatti, Katoen, et. al., 2011) electrical engineering has long fascinated me. One of the most significant factors that led to my passion for this subject is the revolution that is occurring in the areas of mobile processors, avionics and aerospace systems, where embedded systems are critical to the navigational integrity of the vehicle. This revolution in embedded systems is also leading to an entirely new era of performance in avionics and deep space exploration, which promises to deliver insights never learned before from previous technologies (Kadayif, Kandemir, 2005). Due to all of these factors I am extremely interested in electrical engineering and pursing it a graduate degree in this academic discipline .