Modern Immunizations: Flaws and Imperfections Essay

Throughout history, vaccinations have been used to help the prevention of infectious diseases; some of which can produce serious illnesses, crippling disabilities, and ultimately be the cause of death. There is evidence of ancient culture’s attempting to treat transmittable diseases with various forms of inoculations. Developments in the research of vaccinations increased during the mid-twentieth century because of the established of more advanced laboratories, improved equipment, and new innovations. The progression of medicine during history has helped further the development of research into vaccinations. Several cultural, ethical, and religious issues have resulted from the development and use of vaccinations in our society. The topic of vaccinations has caused a strong debate amongst our culture about the safety and danger of treating infectious diseases with such methods.

As stated by Dr. N.A.S, finding a vaccine has been incredibly challenging due to the astonishing genetic diversity of the virus. While it is true that the genome of two HIV infected individuals can differ by up to 30%,6 it is not the integrase enzyme that causes this huge difference in the genomes as written by Dr. N.A.S. Reverse transcriptase is the error prone enzyme that makes multiple mistakes while copying RNA into DNA, which results in ~1 mutation in every new virus.6 The advantage of mutations for HIV is that these new changes are not

All living things on this earth are subject to attack from a disease-causing agent. Therefore, multicellular animals have dedicated cells and tissues that fight off infectious microbes in order to build immunity. A multitude of specialized cells carries out much of the immune system’s work. Each of these cells is intended to fight off diseases in a particular way. Vaccination, which is one of the methods that is used to prevent germs from proliferating, is subject of many discussions. While opponents believe that most of the diseases such as diphtheria and varicella are not necessarily harmful, and that injecting questionable vaccine ingredient into a child may cause side effects, such as seizures, paralysis, proponents believe that vaccination has been one of the greatest developments of the 20th century. It has served as a protection for the community, and has saved children and parent’s time money.

The topic that will be thoroughly discussed is Vaccination of Children and whether or not you should vaccinate your child. I chose this particular topic because it is a well-known controversial topic and I strongly believe that children should receive their vaccinations. Vaccinations are extremely important to not only a potential at-risk-child but also the family, friends, and the community as a whole. Without vaccinations the world would suffer from fatal diseases, illnesses, and disabilities. The mortality rate would without a doubt increase and the survival of infants would become a struggle. Throughout my paper I will thoroughly explain how vaccinations work, review frequently asked questions and concerns, describe the pros and cons, and discuss why every infant should receive their vaccinations.

Vaccinations for common illnesses and disease have been around since the early 1900s. They seem like they would be a very common practice amongst common people because they are used to prevent said illnesses. Well, for a lot of parents in America, this is not the case. The MMR vaccination came about when the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccines were all combined (Cave 54). After the release of this new vaccination, the number of kids being diagnosed with autism rose tremendously. Some people were very interested in this sudden spike of autistic children and decided to follow up on it. Many studies were done to see if there was any correlation between the MMR vaccination and the increasing diagnosis of children with autism. Some findings contradict one another. What I believe is that there is no statistical evidence to prove that there is a correlation between the administering of the MMR vaccination and the autism diagnosis increase associated with those who have received the MMR vaccine. Many bold claims have been made over the years and some of them have been rather controversial, others have been more accurate.

Coalition, Colorado Children's Immunization. 2010 - 2015. http://www.immunizeforgood.com/fact-or-fiction/benefits-vs.-risks. Journal, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) Immunization Section, Colorado: Colorado Children’s Immunization Coalition (CCIC) .

Providing immunization to human beings by vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in the public health field. It is responsible for a significant increase in the quality of life for children in 21st century compared to the previous era. Childhood vaccination is usually provided at a young age as a routine service in specific clinics or other health facilities. Children are required to receive specific scheduled vaccinations shortly after they are born. Vaccinations can also be received in specific public campaigns where a specialized trained team provide vaccines to people in a targeted area for a few days or even weeks. The purpose of these is to provide maximum protection to the population in a short amount of time. Despite this,

Many vaccines are “designed to protect infants and children early in life” (“What are the Reasons to Vaccinate My Baby?”, 2016, para. 9). This shows that scientists are working hard to protect children at a young age. When one vaccinates his or her child at a young age, it not only protects during childhood, but also adulthood. This keeps the child healthy all of his or her life. Not only do children need protection early in childhood, but also the right amounts of dosages. “Not receiving the full number of doses leaves a child vulnerable to catching serious diseases” (“What are the Reasons to Vaccinate My Baby?”, 2016, para. 10). This allows people to understand that children can still be prone to diseases if they do not have the recommended amount. For a child, it is needed to receive the full dosages to be fully protected. A recommended immunization schedule has been created for the public. This schedule proposes the design on how to protect children early on in their lives before “being exposed to the potentially life threatening diseases” (“What are the Reasons to Vaccinate My Baby?”, 2016, para. 10). Receiving immunizations at a certain age also helps the vaccine do its job in the best way. Due to children needing vaccinations early in life to keep them healthy, it creates another reason as to why people support

Despite the overwhelming evidence of favourable outcomes provided by vaccinations, the last few decades have seen an increase in the prominence of anti-vaccination movements (Blume, 2006, p. 630). As such, vaccinations are heavily scrutinised on the basis of their safety and effectiveness; this is particularly noteworthy in the case for childhood vaccinations (Kata, 2012, p.

Living in an environment where we are prone to many viruses, it’s very important that one take the proper precautions or considerations to control the risk of getting affected. However, when utilizing the ability of not becoming infected, one may question the fact weather there’s an actual effective form of prevention or not. To clarify the uncertainty, over many years one of the most strategic methods that have been used for the control and preventions of viruses are vaccinations. A vaccination takes advantage of one’s body natural ability to primarily learn how to eliminate almost any disease causing germ or microbe that affects it. Therefore vaccinations are considered one of the most effective ways to prevent severe outcomes initiated by viruses.

There is a huge issue arising in the United States over non-vaccinating your babies at birth to prevent certain illnesses. The main problem we are facing is whether or not it is a necessity to vaccinate your child at birth or expose them to life threatening illness by not vaccinating them. Another issue I will address is that now, parents have an option to immunize their child, as back in the early 2000’s they did not have an option; whereas now they do and it is causing utter chaos. This paper will discuss the current debate of immunizations across the United States. It will also talk about the pros and cons of vaccinating and not vaccinating your children.

Immunizations assure that all children are protected against infectious disease. In order to reduce these infectious diseases, requires the participation and collaboration of key stakeholders in which each has a specific role. The five stakeholders that I have chosen to discuss, include but are not limited to the parents of children, federal and state government, health care providers, public health professionals, and nongovernmental organization.

The second method is using dead virus that does not produce any viruses, but still has its character. Vaccines for diseases like polio and influenza usually use this method .(“ Inactivate the Virus” 2,3). There are two advantages in using this method. One, unlike the weak virus method people with low immune system can use these vaccines. Two, because of the absence of the production system in the virus it can not cause harm to the body.( “Inactivate the Virus” 7,8). The disadvantage is it needs multiple doses to get immunity. (“Weaken the Virus” 10,11).

The current assumption is that the protection afforded via these vaccines is antibody mediated since passive immunisation is protective in animal models [26, 27]. HPV L1 VLP vaccines are highly immunogenic generating antibody concentrations after the 3rd immunisation that are 1-4 logs higher than those in natural infections [32, 33]. In published studies serum neutralising antibody persists with geometric mean titres (GMTs) about 1 log greater than natural infection for the 7-9 year duration of the published studies, [34, 35]. Mathematical modelling predicts slow decay of antibody over a 30-50 year period and potentially, therefore, protection over that time [36, 37]. Both type specific and cross neutralising antibodies are generated by VLP vaccines although concentrations of cross neutralising species are on average 1-2 logs lower than type specific [38]. At the present there is no immune correlate, no antibody concentration (or other immune measurement) has been defined that correlates with protection. However other than information on antibody concentration (both IgG and neutralising) there is little published data on other parameters such antibody affinity and avidity maturation that may be relevant in this context. Early reports indicate that avidity maturation does not correlate with antibody concentration or circulating memory B cells [39].

To the world vaccinations are a wonderful thing, but are they really, great for us? Vaccinations have changed from when they first came about in the 1760’s, to now in the 21st century. Vaccinations are the administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate, which is to improve, morbidity from infection. Vaccinations are the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. But, do we ever stop and ask ourselves, what do vaccines really do for us? Do they protect us? What is in a vaccination? What are the side-effects? Can it cause life threatening diseases or issues for us? It has been known that vaccinations have massive side effects caused by the ingredients, have a connection with autism, and a connection with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also known as SIDS.