Modern Trends in Computer Hardware

The benefit of IT for work tasks is the ease of communication. Many attendees at a meeting may be invited quickly in one go rather than people

Old in the days, computers were huge in size, hence, not that powerful and relatively slow when compared to computers nowadays. A computer is a complex electrical integrated circuit connects multiple of electrical components together. These components could be summarized in the following; transistors, resistors, capacitors, and diodes. Therefore, when it comes to high tech computers, revolutionary quality is a serious matter. One of the computer quality standards, for example, is the speed at which a computer carries out calculations, this speed is determined by transistors speed. The faster the transistor the better the computer.

Currently, computers are used for everything in life. For example, from researching for a large essay project to playing video games with friends. “From the outset, computers were weighed for both military and commercial significance, and hence they straddled the very institutional boundaries that central to this study. It is also significant that computers became valuable research instruments in nearly all disciplines.” (Akera, 2). The first digital computer was constructed in 1946 by John Mauchly, a professor, and Presper Eckert, an inventor. “They met by chance in 1941 at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Engineering. They soon developed a revolutionary vision: to use electricity as a means of computing--in other words, to make electricity "think."” (McCartney, 1). They were ignored by their colleagues, but in 1943 they were becoming more well known and was funded by the U.S Army. The U.S Army was seeking for a contraption that can quickly calculate ballistic missile trajectories in wartime Europe and Africa (McCartney, 1). John Mauchly and Presper Eckert led a team that constructed the computer that occupied 1,800 square feet and weighed thirty tons. They named the large computer, ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The process of building this machine was not an effortless task, Mauchly and Presper and their team had to overcome many problems

1. A major advantage to two sided messages is the inoculation effect it has for the receivers to competitive messages

For correspondence between two PCs utilizing a serial interface or a PC joined by telephone line to a server.

It is operating on best effort delivery model, i.e. it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission

d) The information is acquired on the data bus and send it to TDO. (Alghafli, Jones, and Martin. 2012).

From the figure, it can be seen that host1, host3, host 4 sends messages through the times say t1,t2,t3,t4 and the times are increasing.

Briefly explain the deencapsulation steps in the communication from host B receiving a message from Host A destined for an active application.

The ‘network worker’ then takes the data package from the transport worker and adds routing information as to assign the package with a specific PO BOX address or rather a network address (if you may) in order to navigate through the network. The ‘network access worker’ then inserts error-checking information and prepares the data for transmission. The ‘physical worker’ finally transmits the data via a physical or wireless medium so that the second CEO receives the message. The following figure shows how the data is transmitted from the application layer to the physical layer.

Stream identifiers identify what stream a packet belongs to; class identifier identifies a transmitter and the information and packet classes. The timestamp fields are used to precisely specify the reference point of time for the transmission of the first packet [14]. The trailer is an optional part of the structure that can be used to enable other processes, as well as indicate states and events [14]. For the project these optional fields are disregarded.

The node behaves like a queue (Darine Ameyed, Moeiz Miraoui, Chakib Tad, 2015), but the arrival and service rates vary over time. In addition to the arrival and service processes, one defines a so called network process {E (t), t≥0} on a finite space {1, 2…3} with instantaneous transition rates Sij, 1≤ i ≠ j≤ m. The node controls the arrival and service processes as follows: Suppose time t is such that E(t) = j, then the arrival rate is λj and the service rate is µj, provided that the server is busy at time t. Consider the whole system is a two dimensional time Markov chain { N(t), E(t), t≥0} on the state space { (n, i); n≥0, 1≤i≤m}, where N(t) is the number of requesters present in the network and E(t) is the state of the network at the time t. Changes of state will occur whenever the node changes, when a new requester arrives into the system, or when a service is completed.

The era of most mechanical computation devices has somewhat ceased, and gave way to electronic computation devices. This sudden change gave way to an immediate impact, this impact was felt most during one of the most violent times in America’s history, WWII. During this time the military had a priority to be able to navigate and break the conversation codes from the enemy. Radar in WWII was also much more accurate. In a very real sense, electronic implementation and computer technology came at just the right time, and was a small cornerstone for the American Military. Mechanical devices when compared to pure electronic computation devices were too slow and very unreliable. In an electronic computing devices, their electrons achieve the same

The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the

A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering