Modern World : A Global Epidemic

* The Ivory Coast Ebolavirus also referred to as Tai Ebolavirus, was first discovered among chimpanzees from the Tai

Reverse transcriptase is when DNA copies are made of the RNA virus. This allows for the DNA to be integrated with the human cells genome which is later used to make more virus particles by infecting other cells.

This history of HIV/AIDS as a blurry timeline before the 1980’s since that was around the time reports came in which eventually become an HIV report. The origin of HIV can be traced back to the early part of the century. Some believe that in the 1920’s chimpanzees from the Congo came into contact with humans (Avert, 2016). Though reports were not identified as HIV until the 1980’s, the belief that HIV was already scattered throughout four other continents may have been incident (Avert, 2016). Even though for the past 30 years the world has been diligently working to find a cure and pushing prevention, we are still struggling each year with increasing diagnosis. The beginning of HIV did end with lots of death, but now with our improved antiviral medication there is hope for many.

A retrovirus composed of DNA and RNA virus with the most complex replication, so it is different from a regular virus.

CD4 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infects cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes (T cells) and macrophages. HIV has an envelope and contains two copies of single-stranded RNA as the genome. Within the viral capsid are important viral enzymes called reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. The HIV virus has a spike protein that is called gp120, and the host cell receptor is CD4+. HIV belongs to a class of viruses called retroviruses. Retroviruses are RNA viruses, and to replicate or reproduce, they must make a DNA copy of their RNA through transcription and translation. It is the DNA genes that allow the

Scientists could predict how many people could die in a period of time. Since 1966, way before Dugas become a sexually active, scientist trace the virus not only in US, but also in places such as Haiti and Africa. Scientists took samples of blood from 1959, 1960 and bodies from 1908 they found the HVI virus in those samples. Beatrice Hahn, a professor from University of Pennsylvania, help to search for a much earlier Patient Zero, by taking it to Africa, and turning back the clock on a series of virus mutations and pinpointing with a diverse viruses such as SIV (simian immune virus), AGM (African green monkey) among many more of cross-species spillover (term scientists use to describe a moment a virus in one specie passes to other spice) in a jungle in Cameroon. A virus hunter, Nathan Wolfe, professor in human biology in Stanford University, takes it back even farther to an intracellular investigation in monkeys, gorillas, and chimps. Concluding with an intense research in chimps in a different places of West Africa, with a data, samples of major groups of HIV, and viruses from chimps created a model of “chimp Patient zero” hundreds of thousands of years

It is believed that the first case of HIV/AIDs was first recorded somewhere in West Africa somewhere in the beginning of the twentieth century. Since then, it has spread across central Africa, undetected for a long time. But the question that has bewildered many, is how HIV spread in the first place. According to “Natural Transfer Theory”, HIV was spread to humans through chimpanzees. “Africans have been killing and eating monkey for at least fifty thousand years” (43). It was common for small African communities to hunt and eat chimpanzees. Chimpanzees were said to have “SIVs, simian immunodeficiency viruses that closely resembles HIV” (41). The virus is said to have spread to humans through these infected chimpanzees. The blood of these chimpanzees could have

The United States is currently under attack by a commanding disease that is seeking to bring this great nation to an early demise. This disease sucks the energy out of many individuals and takes control of the body by sparking heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, and even cancer. With the help of major junk food companies, this outbreak continues to claim thousands of lives each year. In our country today, this epidemic trails tobacco use in the second leading cause of preventable death. Many researchers have studied this horrible plague, and the only cure is the motivation to live a healthier lifestyle. Although the profits from major junk-food companies contribute significantly to America 's economy, the nation is blind to the

The problem of obesity has reached the epidemic levels in the US. More than 65% of the American adults are classified obese these days. This is a very huge number. Today Americans are plagued by diseases of which 120000 are because of obesity. An obese person in America is likely to incur $1,429 more in medical expenses annually. Approximately $147 billion is spent in added medical expenses per year within the United States. Although obesity is considered a preventable condition and has been increasing within the United States, no effective treatment has been developed. Health authorities anticipate no change to this vector. Of all the big countries, only

A chimp nearly a million years ago was hunting and ate a Red-Capped Mangabey and a Spot-Nosed Geunon and was then exposed to their versions of the HIV virus. Somehow there becomes a single cell in the chimp infected with both viruses and an enzyme slips while copying one virus and finishes the copy with the other virus. This new infected cell thrives and this chimp becomes patient zero. Then, a hunter in the southeast of the Congo gets infected by the blood of said chimp when he kills/butchers it. When he travels to a nearby village to sell this meat he could then infect a woman who could have relations with a fisherman and infect him. Then, he goes down the main river and to an even bigger town with prostitutes and such and infect more people

Globalization has created a strong tendency for young people around the world to follow a series of norms, generally attributed to Western civilizations, seeking to construct this idealized image of what beauty should be. Popular media, intentionally or not, has managed to successfully disseminate all over the globe. "The Globalization of Eating Disorders" written in 2003 by English professor and feminist philosopher Susan Bordo, makes some strong points that seriously need to be taken into account if we want to identify and subsequently fight to eradicate a variety of psychological problems, which are product from self-image insecurities a person

In the 21st century, everyone has heard of the frightening HIV and AIDS virus. The disease we first discovered in 1983 in Arica, when it killed millions of people, especially poor people and travelers. In the developing countries, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are considered a death sentence, the world over, it is a frightening virus that has killed many people.

* HIV belongs to a group of retroviruses called lentiviruses. The genome of retroviruses is made of RNA, and each virus has two single chains of RNA; for replication, the virus needs a host cell, and the RNA must first be transcribed into DNA, which is done with the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

The author’s audience in this article are scientist who conduct medical research using animals. The author’s purpose is to inform the reader on how a cure is being researched, but there are many ethical researcher obstacles they have to face in order for them to continue their research with chimpanzees. The recent Ebola outbreak has devastated and effected people worldwide. The unspoken truth is the disease has wiped out a third of the Chimpanzee and Gorilla population in the Congo of Africa. Ebola is a disease that is transmitted from primate to human beings. The rapid spread of the disease has been attributed to the tight troop or band the primates live in. Humans are thought to have contracted the disease through the handling of the carcasses of the dead chimpanzees. Peter Walsh is a wildlife biologist who is

Of the many diseases spread by insects, none are actually caused by the insects themselves but by other organisms passed on when they feed or bite. Insects are capable of spreading diseases caused by many different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoan and others. Mosquitoes have earned the title of "the most deadly creature on earth." This is due to the fact that they spread serious epidemic diseases such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, African Sleeping Sickness, and West Nile Virus.