Modernism and Symbolic-Interpretivism Theory & Organizational Effectiveness

Bolman and Deal offer four frames with which to break down organizations: their structure, their human resources, their political environment and their symbolic meaning. They offer a metaphor to capture the essence of each frame (translated for orchestra here):

The technical definition of an organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and develops them to outputs. The definition of an organization also focuses on three elements: Capital, labor, and production and products for consumption. The technical definition also infers that organizations are more stable than an informal group, and are formal legal

According to Davenport et al (1998), Knowledge Management is concerned with exploitation and development of knowledge asset of the organization with a view of the objective of the organization. Knowledge can be managed by explicit, documented knowledge, tacit and subjective knowledge. It also associated with knowledge creation as well as knowledge sharing. Thus, requires systems for creation and maintenance of knowledge repositories to cultivate and to aid knowledge sharing. Organizations that succeed in knowledge management are likely to view knowledge as an asset and to develop organization culture which support knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. Jennifer Rowley (1999) describes the implementation of knowledge management has the importance consequences for structure and culture of the organization, and the roles of managers as well as workers. We can say that knowledge management implementation is crucial as it will lead an organization to be at competitive advantages. There are two types of knowledge mainly explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Different people convey their knowledge differently. The philosopher Polanyi (1967) described tacit knowledge as knowing more than we can tell, or knowing how to do something without thinking about it, like ride a bicycle. Tacit knowledge is automatic, requires little or no time or thought and helps to determine how organizations make decision and influence the behavior of their member (Liebowitz and Beckman, 1998). Sternberg (1997) states that tacit knowledge is technical or cognitive as it made up of mental models, values, beliefs, perceptions, insights and assumptions. Technical tacit knowledge demonstrated when people master particular knowledge or skills whereas cognitive tacit knowledge include implicit mental models and perceptions that are ingrained they are taken for granted. Tacit knowledge basically is the “know-how” based on practice, experience and seldom expressed

Knowledge management was defined as the turning of information into actionable knowledge which can be accessed by people who can apply it. Robbins (2003) gives a time perspective in his definition of knowledge management. He mentions as part of knowledge management the distribution of the right information to the right people at the right time. Lytras et al (2002) gives a definition of knowledge management which emphasises the purpose of knowledge management. In the definition creation of new capabilities, enablement for superior performance, encouraging innovation and enhancement of customer value were mentioned. For the purpose of this study the researcher summarised knowledge management as the intentional process of coordinating people, technology and systems to optimise creation and sharing of intellectual

Organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement of organizational goals. It can be

An organization is a structural process in which persons interact for objectives. This view of organization contains several important points:

Organization is refer to people collaborate with each other or a combination of collective groups to achieve certain goals, such as party organizations, trade unions, businesses, military organizations and etc (Simon, 2001). In modern society, it has been

Knowledge management comprises strategies and processes designed to identify, capture, value, leverage and share an organization’s intellectual assets to enhance its performance and competitiveness. It is a discipline that enable individuals, teams, organizations and communities to capture, store, share and apply their knowledge more collectively and systematically, to achieve their objectives. It is a tool required to manage knowledge and transfer of knowledge within an organization. Knowledge management is not only about managing the latest technology, tool or strategy but also managing the knowledge within the company and treating it as the most valuable asset for the success of the company.

Different authors has defined the Organization in different ways, according to Keith Davis, “Organization may be defined as a group of individuals, large of small, that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in the accomplishment of the certain common object.” (Publish your articles, 2015)

Organisations form social collectives to achieve goals or objectives which cannot be met by individuals acting alone but only in alliance with others with a stated purpose (Pettinger 2000, Wilson 1990).

An organization is a group of people, such as a foundation or an academy that worked together to accomplish multiple goals and is associated to an external environment. There are different types of organization, some organization formed to earn income for its owners but some other organization which called non-profits are worked for public purposes. There are 3 main types of business organization Such as:

Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the external environment (Kirst-Ashman, 2011). The four main parts of that definition are social entity, goal directed, deliberately structured, and link to external

In order for one to evaluate and identify with the diverse business structures, he/she must be aware of the meaning and standards that makes that structure. Various businesses functions in different ways as the world is full of technology and new structures, company cultures and new ways in which companies are run. In order to fully grasp the concepts of Organizational structure and culture in the movies, I will use the Movie Up in the Air and The Devil Wear Prada movies to analyze a business scenario from them.

Organizations are social entities that are driven by goals that are designed intentionally, and coordinated activity systems and they are linked to the external environment. It means that the organization should have a way of linking the internal and external environments. Organizations are made of people and the relationship between the people is essential. There is a deliberate move by organization management to come up with structures that ensure coordination of

An organization, put in simple terms is a group or assembly of people working alongside one another to achieve common goal or objective through a division of labor and or responsibilities. Business organizations in free market economies are formed to provide services or deliver goods to ultimate consumers for profit. Generally speaking, people form an organization because it provides a means of using individual strengths within a group to achieve more than can be accomplished by the aggregate efforts of group members working individually.