Modified Calcium and Potassium Diets

Even though calcium has been known for thousands years it wasn’t purified and identified as an element until 1808 by Humphrey Davy of England. Calcium isn’t just used for making strong bones it’s also used to remove nonmetal from different metals mixes. Calcium compounds are most commonly found in sedimentary rocks such as limestone, chalk, and marbles where I carbonate minerals.

Calcium plays a large role in the human body. About 99% of the calcium in our body is found in our teeth and bones. Along with other minerals, calcium regulates heart and muscle contractions, bone structure, blood clotting and nerve connections. Because these are vital bodily functions, if the human body is not receiving enough calcium it will take calcium from bones, leaving them weak and brittle. To avoid this, it is essential for everyone to have enough calcium intake, so their body doesn’t resort to robbing calcium from their bones. Humans can get calcium from common foods such as dairy products, broccoli, canned fish, or nuts.

Calcium is the most plentiful mineral found in the human body. The teeth and bones contain the most calcium. Nerve cells, body tissues, blood, and other body fluids contain the rest of the calcium. Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the human body. It helps form and maintain healthy teeth and bones. A proper level of calcium in the body over a lifetime can help prevent osteoporosis.

The importance of calcium in the human body is high, it is the key of the conduction of the electricity in the human body. The nervous system needs calcium

Aldosterone produces by the adrenal gland and causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and fluid, and also to excrete potassium in the urine. Because of that, adrenal gland disease affects the aldosterone secretion which decrease kidney excretion of potassium, resulting in

Plant based foods typically are lower in sodium. Also Gordon should add more potassium such as bananas, sweet potatoes, and orange juice to his diet. Foods that are high in potassium help offset the effect that sodium can have on the blood pressure (Fundamentals of Nutrition). People that tend to have a diet that is high in potassium also tend to have lower blood pressure because of this. Gordon should aim to consume about 4,700 mg a day of potassium because this recommended amount is expected to help lower blood pressure (Fundamentals of Nutrition).

Potassium works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance. Research has shown that a high potassium-to-sodium ratio is associated with a greater likelihood of maintaining normal blood pressure. The recommended intake of potassium for adults is 4.7 grams/day. Potassium rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, root vegetables like potatoes and carrots, and fruit, should be eaten every day in order to prevent or manage hypertension (Brancati et al.

While there are medications that are effective in treating high blood pressure, according to Mayo Clinic, the most important aspect in controlling high blood pressure is a person lifestyle. A person who controls their lifestyle can control their blood pressure.

An experimental study by Dr. John Anderson of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gregory Burke of the Wake Forest School of Medicine, and numerous other researchers (2016), claims that calcium supplements may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Their study measured the baseline coronary artery calcification (CAC) levels of 5448 healthy participants, which included individuals from North Carolina. Ten years later, CAC levels were measured again in 2742 of those participants, with the research team dividing calcium intake between both diet and supplements and evaluating the relationship between total calcium intake and the hardening of arteries. According to the research, calcium supplements have a direct

Physiologically electrolytes (specifically sodium and potassium) are controlled by the kidneys to regulate losses and reabsorption as necessary. As with water, electrolytes are also dependent to some degree on intake although normal functioning kidneys are able to reabsorb a significant percentage of that processed in the urine in order to minimize losses. The requirements for sodium and chloride is 2-3 mEq/100mL of water per day. Potassium is required at 1-2 mEq/100mL of water per day. Excesses of these ions in normal functioning kidneys is able to excrete within the urine. There is negligible amounts of electrolytes lost in the stool and sweat, but can become an influence in pathologic circumstances. One must increase the amount of ions in those with diarrhea or burns and it should be reduced in those with renal failure unable to properly excrete

Low potassium intake result in the high risk of development of hypertension because the sodium in the body is going to be more than what the body needs for its normal function. The effect potassium has on the peripheral vascular resistance is by directly having an impact on the arteriolar dilatation. During the period of low potassium in the body, there is a dysfunction in the body in relation to the sodium-potassium pump because of the imbalance of the electrolytes (Sica DA et al.

In a study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), researchers discovered that people who consume too much salt often have an increasing amount of fluid in the body, which directly raises blood pressure. We like salt. Salt makes our food taste better that unflavored. Most of the sodium comes from our food when we are preparing them. However, people added too much salt for seasoning

As shown in table 1, No significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were observed among all the studied groups. Aldo., EPL+Aldo., and Apocynin+Aldo. groups caused no alterations in urine electrolyte parameters. Moreover, all groups did not significantly alter the ratio of plasma sodium to potassium as compared with the sham group (sham = 42.19 + 3.77; Aldo. = 39.62 + 1.87, p = 0.57; EPL+Aldo. = 43.08 + 3.84, p = 0.96; Apocynin+Aldo. = 41.12 + 3.80, p = 0.94). In addition, the ratio of urinary sodium to potassium in Aldo. (0.29 + 0.02, p = 0.94), EPL+Aldo. (0.28 + 0.01, p = 0.99) and Apocynin+Aldo. (0.29 + 0.02, p = 0.89) were comparable to sham group

Choice “B” is the best answer. Insulin modulates potassium utilization by skeletal muscles. With this patient, the combination of impaired insulin action and increased osmolality causes a marked decrease in potassium utilization, leading to intracellular potassium depletion. Potassium is also lost via osmotic diuresis. These factors lead to a profound total body potassium deficiency. Therefore, diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA) patients can present with a broad range of serum potassium concentrations. The institution of insulin therapy and correction of hyperglycemia can lead to eventual hypokalemia. Therefore, potassium replacement should be started with initial fluid replacement if potassium levels are normal or low. Potassium should be added to the replacement solution (10–20 mEq/L) once urine output is adequate, and the serum K+ is < 6.0.

over 99% of the human bodies calcium is found in the bones whilst the remaining 1% or so is found in the blood matrix.