Module 1 Pre Assessment Essay

- Of the following, the most efficient method for sterilization of a bacteriological transfer loop is

E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.

Cardiovascular function results from the interplay of the heart, systemic vasculature, blood volume, and tissues in their functions as pump, transporting pathways, and oxygen carrying and consuming end-organs, and problems with structure or function of the filling and ejection mechanisms of the heart will lead to failing oxygen delivery and compensatory attempts, a complex disease condition known as heart failure (Porth, 2015). Dysfunction may involve initially primarily one ventricle only, though over time both sides may become affected. In left ventricular failure decreased cardiac output and outflow into the periphery leads to pulmonary congestion, evidenced by pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange (Porth, 2015). As a result,

In the United States, approximately six million people are living with some degree and type of heart failure; it is also the number one cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2016). The following research paper details the medical-surgical treatment and nursing care of patients with heart failure, and includes information specific to left-sided heart failure. Left-sided or left ventricular heart failure (LSHF) is most often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF) in the clinical setting. LSHF results in inadequate left ventricular, cardiac output and consequently inadequate, systemic tissue perfusion. The most common contributing factors initiating LSHF are atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina,

A: Removes any RNA Contamination. No, because it’s optimal temperature is actually at 60 °C.

The objective of the experiment was to see how bleach could alter the microbial growth of microbial colonies from the surface of a lab table. To examine this, two different agar plates was used to compare the growth before and after bleach was applied to the table surface. The experimental agar plate in the experiment contained the swab from the surface of the lab table after it was disinfected with bleach. The control agar plate contained the swab from the surface of the lab table before it was disinfected with bleach. In the following week, both the experimental and control agar plates were measured with a microscope and rulers to determine the microbial colonies and define them by their characteristics that they

6. Discuss the technique and importance of proper hand washing and describe at least two other types of hand cleaning/sanitizing techniques.

The materials that will be used for this experiment are. Overnight to 24-Hour culture of E.coli in TSB. T4 bacteriophage. We will have 8 screw cap tubes that contain 4.5ml of sterile agar that are melted and cooled in 55C water bath. 8 TSA plates were used. 1 tube containing 3ml of TSB was used. We had 2 screw cap tubes, they each contained 9.9ml of TSB. We also had 1ml pipettes with pipette pumps. We also had 1 15ml sterile centrifuge tube. A Bunsen burner. We also had a incubator that was set at 37C. Some micropipettes were used as well as a table top centrifuge.

Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and biologist, founded the concept of temperature as a way to kill germs. He showed that microorganisms caused liquids such as milk, wine and beer to spoil. He invented a process in association with Claude Bernard in which liquids such as milk were heated to kill bacteria and moulds present and then cooled to normal temperature (Louis Pasteur Famous Inventors). Discovered in 1864, “Pasteurization”

F. Describe three mechanisms by which microbes might become resistant to the action of an antimicrobial drug? Microbes may become resistant by producing enzymes that will detoxify or inactivate the antibiotic such as penicillinase and other beta-lactamases. Microbes may also alter the target site in the bacterium to reduce or block binding of the antibiotic in the process producing a slightly altered ribosomal subunit that still functions but to which the drug can't bind. Microbes may also prevent the transport of the antimicrobial agent into the bacterium thereby producing an

from lungs to left atria. Furthermore, vena cava delivers deoxygenated blood from the body to

Blood vessels in the lungs become swollen with blood, creating pressure within the lungs. Pressure within the lungs increases as fluid leaks from the circulation into the lung tissue. Causing pulmonary oedema (Marieb, 2014)

Very hot environments can influence a variety of different bacteria in a variety of different ways. Food preservation is an example of a hot environment because it is the canned goods that go through this process so that they stay good until opened to consume (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2015). A hot environment is also used to sterilize a variety of different things such as the use of laboratory media, glassware, and hospital instruments (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2015). Within these two environments it is the heat that kills microorganisms by transforming their protein shapes causing them to inactivate. Very hot environments can react differently based on three different concepts. One concept is ‘thermal death point’ which is the lowest temperature that a microorganism within a liquid

The purpose of the two experiments was to determine the fundamental effects that temperature has on the growth and survival of bacteria. During the first experiment five different bacterial broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus were individually incubated at temperatures of 5, 25, 37, 45 and 55°C for one week in an aim to distinguish the effect temperature has on growth and survival of the five different species. After one week they were observed for distinguishable changes by the turbidity showing an indication of bacterial growth, or the clarity an indication of no survival.

Myocardial Infarction, commonly known as heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases to the heart due to blockage in the coronary artery. This condition primarily affects the myocardium, which is the middle layer of the cardiac tissue. If there is a lock of oxygen, the myocardial cells will die, thus decreasing contractility, stroke volume and blood pressure. Specifically, when the left ventricle is damaged there may be an inability for the heart to pump properly to allow blood to blow back into the left atrium, and into the pulmonary veins and capillaries. However, the “back pressure” will rises, thus allowing fluid to cross the alveolocapillary membrane, and disrupting the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide; thus allowing a patient to develop heart failure (Myocardial infarction, 2000).