Module Report : Developmental And Personality Psychology Essay

Biopsychology: The application of principles of biology toward the study of psychology. Also known as biological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology

Why it is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour - using two of your own examples. How is the term “correlation” a solution to this problem?

The child I chose to write about for this assignment is two year old Danjuma from Wayne, Ohio. He is the youngest of three children and attends an Early Head Start Program two days a week. The child’s parents have jobs; when the mother is working her sister takes care of Danjuma. The family has financial problems but don’t qualify for any type of public assistance.

Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical development, communication and intellectual development, social, emotional and behavioural development.

Psychology is diverse, and there are many diverse specialty areas available to individuals seeking a career in the field of psychology. Most Psychologists choose to specialize in subfields that focus on specific subjects. Obtaining a profession in any of the specialty areas would require graduate study in that area of interest. Some professionals have a broad general knowledge, are skilled in several areas, and work with a range of clients. Some are specialist in treating a specific type of psychological disorder, or work with a specific age group. For those interested in specializing in a psychology career, developmental Psychology is one of the many fields available.

When an infant arrives in the world they are helpless tiny humans who depend on adults for every need from love, to feeding them. It is amazing how these tiny babies grow into adults able to make decisions and become self-dependent. There are many theories about how children develop and what roles the environment plays, what people affect their lives and how events can shape their personalities. Some of these children have and easy life and some have a harder time making that journey to adulthood.

Neuropsychology is another field in which both psychology and biology play a major role. Neuropsychology studies the structure and function of the brain as it relates to specific psychological processes and behaviors. It is a clinical and experimental field of psychology that aims to study, assess, understand and treat behaviors directly related to brain functioning. Neuropsychology studies and applies research to the functions and the dysfunctions of the brain and how they affect the body as well as the personality. This has helped us to not only define mental disorders and cognitive impairments, but to develop different treatment

Neuropsychology is the study of brain-behavior relationships (Barkley, 1983). It is the scientific study of the association between the different structures and physiological processes of the nervous system and the behavior of organisms (Barkley, 1983). The focus of this particular field in psychology is not just pertaining to humans as research on infrahumans consistently provides simple scientific information and data from which research ideas on humans will be drawn/ concluded from (Barkley, 1983). For example, research that was conducted on rats involved giving amphetamines to the rats with given closed head injuries yielded the option of exploring the use of stimulant drugs in helping the recovery of adults and children that have experienced accidental closed head trauma (Barkley, 1983). The field includes the study of developmental changes of the nervous system and it’s behavioral parallels as well as the effects of experimental and also accidental changes of the nervous system on the behavior of an individual (Barkley, 1983).

Biological psychologists are mainly employed to conduct research on various subjects pertaining to biological psychology. Many biological psychologists research how the brain evolves, different interactions between the body and the brain, and what causes motivation. Other research consists of testing animals to see drug

     Child Psychology, study of children’s behavior-including physical, cognitive, motor, linguistic, perceptual, social, and emotional characteristics-from birth through adolescence. Child psychologists attempt to explain the similarities and differences among children and to describe normal as well as abnormal behavior and development. They also develop methods of treating social, emotional, and learning problems and provide therapy privately and in schools, hospitals, and other institutions.

While the study of human genes is increasingly improving our understanding of human development, it is not solely our genetic makeup that determines how we will develop. Humans as a species share many universal traits, which make it easy to disregard the large influence the environment plays in development. Throughout the lifespan, the environment presents itself in many different positions that help determine and shape human development. By looking at the influence of the environment and genetics on human development we are able to create a more holistic view of this process and gain a better understanding of the complexities involved within it. Through this comprehensive lens, it is easy to see how probabilistic human development offers the greatest amount of explanation, unlike the predetermined views of genetic influence in the past, and that environmental influence has an extensive impact on human behavior.

In a literal sense, the Biological theory emphasizes the brain as a way of determining why an individual is the way he or she is because of something “mechanical,” while the Psychodynamic theory refers to the brain as the place where the subconscious lies, the root of all behavior, while the Behavioral theory recognizes that all learned behavior is in a sense biological, therefore rooting in the brain (Gallop & Reynolds 2004). A combination of all of these theories could potentially be the explantation of human nature and that is what makes them similar to each other. As an example, a newborn subconsciously already knows how to get food (psychoanalytic theory), the brain is what is formulating the act in the infant to feel the hunger (biological theory), and after crying over and over again, it learns that it will receive the food (behavioral theory). Although this is just an example, it is a way to compare and incorporate all of these theories into one.

Cognitive processes are described as the performance of composite cognitive actions. Notably cognitive processes are operations that influence the content of the brain or the thinking process as well as the remembering operation (Lamberts & Goldstone, 2005). Cognitive processes are crucial aspects of human behavior and are concerned with how persons utilize their skills. On the other hand, cognitive neuropsychology is a component of cognitive psychology. Cognitive neuropsychology is directed into comprehending how brain's function and structure are linked to certain psychological processes. More significantly, cognitive neuropsychology studies the damaged brain cognitive effects with the aim of inferring cognitive functioning models. Cognitive neuropsychology is a portion of the extensive research field known as neuroscience. Neuroscience is multidisciplinary perspective that combines numerous means of looking at cognition and human brain (Kaye, 2010). It is important to note that evidence of brain injury, cognitive effects as well as the development of cognitive neuropsychology is founded on patient case studies.

Psychological development is essential in shaping the personalities, behaviors, and morals of people’s everyday life. Many factors influence the development of an individual’s psychological makeup; including heredity and the environment they are put in. Although something’s can be hereditary, not all are. There are so many things that can produce from the environment and the people who surround you. Michael learned all too quickly the reality of being famous. Although everyone seemed to adore him from the moment he was a small child, and also throughout the rest of his career, it was difficult for the public to ignore the obvious changes to his physical appearance and behaviors whether genetical or medically mutated.

Labouvie-Vief (2005) elaborates upon Piaget’s concepts of assimilation and accommodation by explaining how affect develops. In your own words, explain how Labouvie-Vief (2005) describes the process of affect development. Provide YOUR OWN real-world example.