Mohammed Mossadegh Essay

Master Fard Muhammad is Allah in person. His father knew of a message that had to be delivered to his people, but he knew that as a black man he could never just come into solid white America with no problem with the authorities. He knew that he need to go to the caucasus region and find a pure caucasian woman to give birth to his son, so that his son could deliver the message to his people. Some may say that Master Fard Muhammad can’t be God because his mother is white, but that is fallacious. Dr.Wesley points out that if you plant an apple seed in Africa, Asia, Or Europe it will still germinate as an apple tree. Just like Fard was the seed of his father and his mother was like the soil.

After the successful overthrow of Prime Minister Mossadegh, the Shah was back in control of Iran and was supported by the United States, even though he was extremely brutal to his citizens. The Shah used United States military trained Iranian police force, called SAVAK, to carry out his orders. This caused a strong dislike for the Shah by the citizens of Iran and a strong Islamic uprising. This uprising ended with the Shah being exiled from his country and the radical Muslim Ayatollah Khomeini gaining power over

This continued to exacerbate the gap between the social classes of Iran. The main reason for the Shah’s confidence in bringing his people prosperity was the mass amount of revenue Iran was generating from Oil. The nationalization of Iran’s oil in the fifties meant increased profits for the nation. Iran’s economy was growing exponentially; its GDP was five times higher in 1976 than it was in 1960 (Clawson, p.15). Islamic modernists, such as Marxist Mujaheddin-e-Khalq, opposed the Shah’s capitalist economic policies (Diller 1991, p.152). There were several other groups that were not pleased with the Shah’s growing focus on economic growth, including the ulemas (councils composed of local Mullahs or respected religious leaders) (Sanders 1990, p.66). These ulemas possessed considerable local influence, as they were in charge of the educational systems and had influence over the urban poor and bazaar merchants (Diller 1991, p.152). In the midst of all that was going on in Iran, Khomeini lived in exile in Paris. The Ayatollah however, was well informed, and managed to sneak tapes into the country to his supporters and the local ulemas. These tapes spread the word of Islamic fundamentalism to these groups that opposed that Shah, and gave them a binding power that eventually would be the revolution of February 1979. Not long, Khomeini had

Iran was now unprotected, and a new power came into being. The Arabs invaded and the quality of life changed. “People fell into poverty as the greedy court imposed ever-increasing taxes. Tyranny tore apart the social contract between ruler and ruled that Zoroastrian doctrine holds to be the basis of organized life” (21). The Iranian people couldn’t survive with a ruler who had no sympathy or respect for them. Their life was being over run by foreigners.

With the shah still sick, it was hard to manage what was back in Iran. The speed of change in Iran was too hard to get command. “The shah was in trouble, reaping the harvest of years of brutal and unpopular policies, including the use of secret police that controlled dissent with arbitrary arrests and torture.” It was obvious that the shah had lost all control of his people of Iran, but the president had hoped for an alliance of opponents to be formed. A man

The complexity of America’s relationship with Iran increased steadily beginning in 1908, when Iran struck oil. The Shah, the king or emperor of Iran, after taking the place of his young predecessor Reza Shah Pahlavi with the help of the CIA, led Iran into a period of extreme wealth and prosperity, the likes of which the Iranian people had never experienced. However, with the growth of wealth in Iran came the growth of Iranian resentment towards the West, specifically the United States. The Iranian’s resented the uneven distribution of wealth that they felt existed and the United State’s influence in “westernizing” their society. In 1963, this growing hatred led to a conflict with the Islamic clergy. The conflict was quickly settled by the Shah, but he was unaware that this dispute was the beginning

The people of Iran are just becoming more aggressive and aggravated. The United States should have realized this increasing hatred for foreign powers and opted out of the coup while they still had the chance. Mossadegh was just doing what every other Iranian wanted to do, but was too afraid to do it.

In her essay, Shareen Brysac tells the story of the 1950 coup of the Iranian government through a particular lens which paints Persians as too simple-minded to see the overthrow coming; while also implying that the CIA coup of the Mossadegh was a result of the Cold War and not US interest. On the other hand, Ervand Abrahamian asserts that the US has actually been hiding information about the Coup because people wouldn’t want to really know what is going on, furthermore he views the overthrow of Mossadegh as a strategic move to protect US oil interest in Iran, because as doctor Varzi explains in her note to the reader, he was advocating for the nationalization of Iranian oil. Furthermore, she discusses how the rule of the Shah who was attempting

In 1953, the United States’ CIA and Great Brittan’s M16 staged a Coup D’état against, then Prime Minister of Iran, Mohammad Mossadegh. He valued each individual citizen and prided himself in aiding the impoverished and focusing on the development of his country, as opposed to focusing on the further advancement of the western world. Mohammad Mossadegh was very popular in Iran, both among politicians and his citizens; however, he was highly criticized by western leaders.

The American government is known to promote democratic values throughout the world. Though the ideals America was fighting for during the Cold War, the government still managed to participate in the overthrow of democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadegh. Mossadegh threatened to nationalize Iran’s oil in 1951 and later gained the support of the Iranian government. The British companies had many investments in Iranian oil. It is with the approval of nationalization that the economies of both British and Iran were ultimately harmed. The British government requested the help of the US so that they could perform a coup to overthrow Mossadegh. With suspicions of Mossadegh supporting communism, and being supported by the Tudeh Party, the United States government was willing to sacrifice their democratic ideologies and credibility in the region for the insurance of an anti-communist leader. This would prove to cause problems that still resonate in today’s political and military negotiations in this region.

It seems events were converging to bring down the Shah government very quickly. It was like how the Bolsheviks took down the Tsar government in Russia in the earlier century. In both revolutions, you had to convince the people their government is evil or uncaring, and then go out and demonstrate. Before the Russian revolution, the people were really mad because of the shortage of bread. And this was after the Russians suffered tremendous casualties from World War One. In the Iranian revolution, there were many factors. It was repression of opposition groups by the Shah’s police, inflation, support for Israel, and some Iranians didn’t like the way the Iranians were being westernized. For many years, the clerics were instigating the masses in their sermons in condemning the Iranian government. The people eventually went out in the streets to demonstrate. The people suffered some casualties in these demonstrations which made the Shah’s regime look repressive. More Iranians got involved

Before the revolution, Shah Reza Pahlavi was the ruler of Iran. Under his leadership power was clustered and concentrated among his close allies and networks of friends and others with whom he had close relations. By 1970s, the gap between the poor and the rich was widening and huge distrust about his economic policies grew. Resentment towards his autocratic leadership grew fuelling people to dissent his regime further. Shah now was considered an authoritarian who took full control of the Iran government preventing the Iranians from expressing their opinion. The government has transformed from the traditional monarchial form of government to authoritarian with absolute authority replacing individual freedom of the Iranians. This transformation to Iranian was unacceptable because they needed to control their own affairs. They wanted self-government where they could take control as opposed to what Shah was doing. Shah was seen as a western puppet for embracing authoritarian form of government (Axworthy, 2016).

The major consequences for the Iranian Revolution in Iran itself were the overthrow of the Reza Shah, the reappearance of the Ayatollah Khomeini, and the establishment of an Islamic republic. Iranians had become disillusioned with the rule of Reza Shah due to his embrace of Western culture, mainly due to his relationship with the United States and his oppressive style of rule. By the mid 70’s the Iranian public’s frustration with Reza Shah’s regime began to grow with the Iranian monarchy’s enclosure of its power and the inflation due the government’s uncontrolled spending resulting from the rise of oil prices (Cleveland 356). Within a few years, the continuing economic issues resulted in the monarchy of Reza Shah being overthrown by the rising tide of the Iranian Revolution and as a result, Reza Shah went into exile which guaranteed a

However, in the 1940s saw the rise of Mohammed Mossadeq, the reformist prime minister who came to power through popular elections. Mossadeq mixed, “Moderate socialism and anticolonial nationalism into program with broad electoral appeal”(p.42). He wanted to be less dependent on Great Britain because Britain controls oil due to colonial relationship. Also, he wants state ownership by using socialist policies to bring profit to state instead of Britain. After the fall of Mossadeq, the Americans and the British agreed to share equitable revenue from the sale of Iranian oil with the Iranian government.

Iran is a country with a rich history that stretches back to the formation of the Persian Empire in 550 BC. It is important to discuss the history of Iran when viewing its current state of politics because over this vast period of time there was a distinct set of rule that had just ended less than forty years ago. From 550 BC to 1979, Iran (formerly known as Persia, changed names in 1935) had been ruled by emperors, kings and shahs (Persian for ‘king of kings’), until the Iranian Revolution of 1979 when the last shah, Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown. An important event that occurred under the leadership of shahs, occurred in 1501 under the leadership of the Safavid dynasty, when Iran adopted Shia Islam as their official religion. This event was important in many ways as it shaped the current political landscape of Iran and has been an increasingly debated topic in comparative politics.