Mohs Hardness Research Paper

In fact, as clay begins to dry the piece will shrink because of the water evaporating. The particles inside will compact together as it hardens. If the drying is considered “uneven”, for example one part dries faster than the other, the clay might crack. If one clay’s particle sizes are smaller than another’s, it will shrink more. This is because all the small particles are now far apart so they have to cover more space in order to make up for all the missing spots. However, large particles can cover spaces easily since they have less open areas to cover. To conclude, both clays may be similar yet can take different amounts of time to harden due to their

A crystal is made up of the same materials that a regular glass is made of, such as silica, soda, and lime, but the addition of lead oxide is what gives crystals their shine. A bead has to have 24% lead oxide added to qualify as leaded crystal. Contrary to the popular belief, crystals have been around for a long time. Ancient Egypt, Rome, and other groups have all used crystals for various purposes. It was used in medicine, magic and rituals, as offerings and currency, as well as important gifts and items of beauty. Ancient civilizations were able to use crystals because natural crystals are dug from the ground where earth’s temperature and pressure causes them to form. However, one can make a crystal at home. It is

First of all chemical weathering is when there is rainwater that is able to react with mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals and also soluble salts. This type of reaction would usually occur when the water is slightly acidic. For this reaction to occur it needs water and would occur more rapidly at higher temperatures for example damp and warm climates would be the best for this reaction to occur. Chemical weathering usually happens more often in the spring because this is when it is more humid and hot outside and that is what chemical weathering needs for it to occur and also when it is usually hot or humid there will also be water.

14) Which one of the following minerals has the greatest hardness on the Mohs hardness scale? A) Feldspar B) calcite C) gypsum D) topaz 15) Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometric, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks. B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern. C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of minerals. D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular,

As the temperatures plummet, moisture absorption becomes a problem. If the tiles absorb moisture and then freeze, cracking of the tiles can occur. The life expectancy of this type of material is around 50 years.

This describes graphite, but doesn’t speak of any quantities or statistics. To make this observation more quantitative, I could relate this information to the hardness scale. The hardness scale states that a fingernail has a hardness of 2.5. From this, I can conclude that graphite has a hardness less than 2.5 since harder objects scratch softer objects.

When I was born I started off as a little igneous rock. Before I was a rock, I was magma drifting up through the rift of a large volcano. When I finally reached the surface, I cooled faster than most rocks. I formed on the surface of the earth. Some of the other rocks said I looked glassier or shiner than others. I could have turned out as a coarse grained igneous rock or a fine-grained but the other rocks say I turned out glassy. An example of glassy igneous rock is obsidian. Obsidian is glassy and was cooled faster than others. Obsidian rock doesn’t have a lot of crystals unlike granite which has well formed crystals. While I was a glassy igneous rock I saw a lot of

Weathering is the process where rocks and minerals break down or dissolve into smaller pieces and fragments. Erosion is then the transportation of weathering remains. This is done with the help of natural agents such as water, wind, animals..etc. It all depends on the composition of the rock, different agents such as temperature change and rainfall amount. Water for examples is the most common, like when it seeps in the pores of rocks, freezes overnight and

Such as rain, fog, snow, hail, and some types of dust. When acid rain and dry acidic particles fall, nitric and sulfuric acid that creates acidic can land on statues, buildings which can damage buildings there surfaces. They are many consequences of damaged materials they need to be replaced or repaired, increase maintenance cost, and detailing in stone damage. In 1852 a chemist named Robert Angus Smith discovered that during the Industrial Revolution acid rain and the atmospheric pollution increased

The Alkali metals are found in group 1 of the periodic table, they are very reactive metals that do not form in the nature. These metal only have one electron in their outer shell. Alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Alkali metals are much softer then most metals. If these Alkali metals are exposed to water they can explode. Properties of Alkali metals are; they have the largest atomic radii in their periods, Low ionization energies, low electronegativities, and are also very shiny and able to be cut with a knife do to their softness. The elements in Alkali metals are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and francium. It is light and highly reactive. it is found in many stars. Compounds of Lithium give fireworks and flares their red color. Compounds of Lithium are Lithium Chloride and Lithium Hydride.

Resilient/ Durable: As quartz natural stones are highly engineered stones they tend to be stronger and long lasting. The most flexible and durable material, best suits for anyone who can afford only for one renovation or setup. The best surface that will last for years with many choices.

For example, metals and glass are hard materials, are easy to sterilize, and are great for temperature play while silicone can vary in firmness, is easy to sterilize, and does not hold temperature.

Diamonds are the ultimate gemstone, with few weaknesses and numerous strengths. Diamonds are known for being the hardest substance on earth, but few know diamond is four times harder than the next hardest natural mineral. One of the diamonds only flaws are its cleavage. A skilled diamond jeweler can prevent a diamond from being split by positioning it to be struck at the perfect placement. Diamonds have a wide color range, high refraction, low reactivity to chemicals, and extreme hardness and durability. Also, the diamond is Aprils birthstone.

The hardness of water is usually measured in parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that is in a certain sample of water.1 In natural waters, the minerals that make up water aren’t all in the form of CaCO¬3. The actual minerals that make up the hardness of water are magnesium cation and calcium cation, Mg2+ and Ca2+ respectively.1 Often times the calcium concentration is larger than magnesium concentration. This is due to the fact that calcium is usually in almost all types of rocks while magnesium is only found in a few for example, dolomite and olivine.1

The cations Mg2+and Ca2+ are the most common dissolved compounds found in natural water. The presence of the dissolved Cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ (and other polyvalent cations) gives natural waters chemical properties that are often evaluated as hardness.1 Water is hard when it contains a high concentration of cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ and it is considered soft when it contains a low concentration of cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. Water Hardness is often measured in Concentrations in Molarity (M), parts per million (ppm/ mg per L) and grain per gallon (gpg).