Molecular technology has become the talk of mainstream science and technology today. As the

Fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon in the form of a hallow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, or plane. In this experiment, the purpose is to use cyclic voltammetry to infer about the electron transfer in MOs of fullerenes and understand orbital energy and composition. The first part of the experiment is an electrochemical characterization of C60. A sample of C60 ¬is dissolved and transferred into an electrochemical cell. Cyclic voltammetry, a potential wave form is used for determination of formal redox potentials, detection of chemical reactions that precede or follow the electrochemical reaction and evaluation of electron transfer kinetics.

To answer this, one does not have to look far as the Cavendish Laboratory is rather open with current projects. For example, Nanophotonics, which is the study of the conduct of light on the nanometer scale and its interactions, is an ongoing study at the Cavendish Laboratory (NanoPhotonics, n.d., para. 1). Specifically, the NanoPhotonics Group (NP) is looking into nano-plasmonics, polymer photonic crystals, semiconductor microcavities, et cetera (NanoPhotonics, n.d., para. 2). At this current time, it is rather difficult, as assembling “nano-chunks” of matter into a structure creates nano-materials that have emergent properties, which are not found in their constituents (NanoPhotonics, n.d., para. 3). Their goal is “moving from expensive fabrication of devices to elegant nano-assembly in which materials ‘build themselves’” (NanoPhotonics, n.d., para. 3). Overall this has a large reward if research is successful and actually leads towards a

Bucky balls are extremely stable structures, they can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. The exposed surface of the structure can interact with other molecules while retaining its spherical geometry. Also, atoms and small molecules can be trapped inside the fullerene without reacting. Carbon 60 can undergo 6 reversible reductions, but oxidation is irreversible. The first reduction needs approximately 1.0 V, making it a fairly effective electron acceptor. It avoids having double bonds in the pentagons, so electron delocalization is poor and results in the molecule not being superaromatic. Superaromaticity is used to describe an extra stable nature of some aromatic macrocycle compounds. These structure contains a number of aromatic rings. Carbon 60 behaves very much like an electron deficient alkene and readily reacts with high electron density species. Fullerenes are sparingly soluble in aromatic solvents such as toluene and carbon disulfide, but they are insoluble in water. Saturated solutions of carbon 60 have a deep purple color which leaves a brown residue when it is evaporated. The relatively narrow energy width of the band of molecular levels responsible for green light absorption are the cause for this color change by single carbon 60

Recent advances in carbon nanotechnology have led to the discovery that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) fluoresce from 900 to 1600 nm1 a region that is particularly transparent to biological tissue and media. Single-walled carbon nanotubes have a particular advantage as sensing elements due to the fact that all atoms are surface atoms causing the nanotube to be especially sensitive to surface adsorption events (Paul W. Barone, 2005).

The discovery of fullerenes also led to research in carbon nanotubes, the cylindrical cousins of buckyballs, and the development of new fields of advanced materials. Carbon nanotubes unique structural and bonding properties, whereby inner tubes in a multi-walled nanotube can slide within an outer tube, suggest uses in tiny motors and as ball bearings and lubricants. Twenty-five years after their discovery, fullerenes provide abundant research opportunities in pure chemistry, materials science, pharmaceutical chemistry, and nanotechnology. Buckminsterfullerenes are found in soot and ash. It also found in skin creams combine with olive oil. It is not available as a food supplement or drug. It is not tested for use in humans other than skin supplies. It often acts as an antioxidant but it can also be toxic especially after exposure to

At City College, I am teaching the Macaulay Honors College Seminar 3 (Science Forward) — I am also developing the design and content of this course, with the focus on nanoscience and biophysics. Since the course content would evolve a bit organically, I wanted to share this info with you.

I am teaching this Macaulay Honors College course — this content will evolve a bit organically, and I would greatly appreciate your suggestions/comments/corrections — this CCNY course is only for Macaulay undergrads, and I think that they would be very inspired if they could get a chance to hear new concepts and interdisciplinary (nanoscience & biophysical chemistry) ideas from you.

The idea of nanotechnology was first discovered by nobel prize winner physicist Richard Feynman in 1959. In the 1980 the first SPM was developed by IBM scientist in zurich. In 1991 a new form of carbon was discovered, the nanotube which was soon later on used for one of the building block for nanomaterial and nanomachines. In 1986 a book written by Eric Drexler spared the public interest in nanotechnology since the the NNI started by president Bill Clinton invested millions which in 2020 would turn into one trillion dollars. Nanotechnology is used in many things today like sunscreen, cars, in computers, medicine and in many other things to come in the future and in today's day and

Carbon is the fundamental element for everything on Earth. All life on Earth depends on carbon. Carbon has different forms of allotropes including diamond, graphene and charcoal. Carbon is found in position 12, with 4 colvalent electrons. All the allotropes have different properties nd uses due to how the carbon atoms are bonded. Carbon is able to single, double and triple bond with other elements to form complex molecules. Carbon can also use its four electrons to form diamond, where it is strong and stable, or three electrons to form graphite found in pencils, buckyball or all forms of nanocarbon including carbon nanotube.

The discovery of graphene was given credit to the director of the center for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology at the University of Manchester, Andre Geim and his colleague Kostya Novoselev. The paper was published in October 2004 in Science Magazine. The title of the paper was "Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films." The paper has become one of the most cited papers in material physics. Around the time of the discovery, carbon nanotubes was an interesting area of research. Geim was also interested in carbon nanotubes but had an idea about using them in an unfolded configuration. With the idea for the unfolded nanotubes he took a graphite block and polished it.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) take the form of cylindrical carbon molecules and have untapped properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, apart from being efficient conductors of heat. Inorganic nanotubes have also been synthesized, by researchers intrigued by this particular field.

Research from the University of Delaware have demonstrated an increase in energy density for capacitors with the use of carbon Nano tubing. Also researchers from North Carolina University have demonstrated that silicon coated carbon Nano tubing in anodes for Li-ion batteries. They are predicting that the use of silicon can increases the capacity of Li-ion batteries by up to ten times.

My research themes and scholarly interests focus on interdisciplinary science education for both undergraduate science majors and non-science majors. I plan to look into the design and development of new functional materials1,2 that could go beyond the conventional molecular dimensions2 and include bioinspired assemblies, supramolecular architectures, and nanoscale materials. Molecular assembly,2 a key feature of natural “active” materials, appears to be important for the chemical origins of life.3 Highly selective biomolecular recognition can guide the formation of “smart” bioinspired materials,2,4 playing fundamental roles in the development of biomimetic supramolecular designs, bio-conjugated hybrid nanostructures, and self-assembled

Today many common commercial products contain some sort of engineered nanoparticles. “Examples include cosmetics, sunscreens, clothes, solar cells, sporting good[s], paints, and electronics” (Kosal 8). Although major developments have only occurred in the last decade, the US military began conducting nanotechnology research in the early 1980s. It was not until the mid-1990s, after the Department of Defense (DoD) identified nanotechnology as one of the six ‘Strategic Research Areas’ of Interest, that major investments in the research and development in nanotechnology began. Nanotechnology research seeks to advance both offensive and defensive military objectives (Lele 234). In January of 2000, President Bill Clinton “unveiled the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) where he called for an initiative with funding levels around 500 million dollars” (Tate 23). “All branches of the U.S. military currently conduct nanotechnology research, including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Office of Naval Research (ONR), Army Research Office (ARO), and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)” (Tate 20). By the conclusion of this paper, the reader will have a basic understanding of nanotechnology and its applicability in military affairs. Additionally, the reader will understand the hazards of nanotechnology in order to determine if the military should continue to focus on nanotechnology.

Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Krishnadevarayanagar, Hunasamaranahalli, Bangalore -562 157 India (prakriti.adhya97@gmail.com) II. NANOWIRE SYNTHESIS Many of the papers included in this survey concentrated on methods or materials used to synthesize nanowires. Most nanowire synthesis occurs via Vapor-Liquid- Solid (VLS) processes. VLS processes use a liquid catalyst to draw components out of a vapor phase and deposit them in a solid phase. While terms such as “laser ablation” and “chemical vapor deposition” may often be used to describe the synthesis technique used in a particular experiment, this commonly refers only to the means by which the vapor phase is produced or transported.