Multipliers Essay

In order to properly explain the expansionary economic policies that the federal government engages in, it is important to understand the vocabulary being used. The Federal Reserve Bank, commonly referred to as the Fed, “is the central bank of the United States” (Arnold, 2014). According to Steven Pressman (2013), “the Federal Reserve is the institution in which the federal government and private banks do their banking. The central Federal Reserve banks are responsible for monitoring banks and ensuring they remain solvent. They also control interest rates and thus borrowing costs for consumers and business firms. This, in turn, affects unemployment and inflation, giving the Federal Reserve substantial control over the U.S. economy.” Expansionary fiscal policy

When it comes to the supply of money, different actions are taken to assure stability in our country. To ensure we are keeping consistent with the loss in value of currency throughout the years, the Federal Reserve changes either the inflation or the interest rates so that prices will be able to balance the debt amount. With actions like such, there are purposes sought by the Federal Reserve Act set toward “the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee…: to promote… the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates” (Federal Reserve). These are a matter of acts under the monetary policy. However, today in America, we are still suffering from the continuous increase in our national debt, a problem that has been growing since the start of the new century.

Economic growth, low unemployment, and overall financial system stability are a few of the goals of the Fed. For politicians in Congress, their goal is to be reelected, often times by any means necessary. The Fed follows the economic business cycle and can track patterns to predict when the economy may be headed for a trough and control the money supply as much as possible to avoid inflation, which would lead to less confidence in the U.S dollar. For politicians, the political cycle and the business cycle do not follow the same patterns. For example, if Congress was responsible for how much money was circulating in the economy, and there are no do-overs in elections, a candidate that wanted to be reelected could increase the money supply in enough time to get the votes for a win, and the citizens would not realize the effects of callously increasing the supply until after the elected official was in office. The intentions and goals of the two bodies need to remain independent of one another because there is too much room for human error and self-interest in

This report discusses the association between the Federal Reserve System and U.S. Monetary Policy. It mentions that the government can finance war through money printing, debt, and raising taxes. It affirms that The Federal Reserve is not a government entity but an independent one. It supports that the Federal Reserve’s policies are the root cause of boom and bust cycles. It confirms that the FED’s money printing causes inflation and loss of wealth for United States citizens. It affirms that the government’s involvement in education through student loans has raised the cost of a college education. It confirms that the United States economy is in a housing bubble, the stock market bubble, bond market bubble, student loan bubble, dollar bubble, and consumer loan bubble. It supports the idea that the Federal Reserve does not raise interest rates because of the fear of deflating the bubbles they have created in recent years.

In an instant, a single organization, with minimal government oversight, can influence entire markets and monetary supply of the country with the largest economy in the world. The United States founding fathers established a government system to distribute certain powers of the federal government to particular branches that have checks and balances in place to assure efficiency and openness among its divisions. One may assume that the organization that controls the monetary supply of an economic powerhouse of a country would have strong oversight and control over the policies they carry out. The Federal Reserve, also referred to as The Fed, has a purpose, as a central bank, to protect and control the fiscal system of the United States to create a safer lending and borrowing market for private citizens, businesses, and the federal government. Americans perceive the Fed as an extremely powerful organization. Some have asserted, including Hillary Clinton’s spokesman, Jesse Ferguson, that “The Federal Reserve is a vital institution for our economy and the well-being of our middle class” (qtd. in Shapiro 7). Unfortunately, Federal Reserve financial policies have become detrimental to the growth of the national economy and the dollar, therefore, congressional actions against the Federal Reserve Bank are a necessity to avoid continuation of instability in both US and world markets.

The Federal Reserve Act was signed into law on December 23, 1913. Due to a series of financial panics around 1907, the Federal Reserve (also referred to as the “Fed”) was created by Congress to promote a stable banking system and an active economy. The Federal Reserves’ greatest client and biggest spender is the government of the United States. All proceeds from taxes generated and disbursements are managed through the account that the United States government has set up with the Federal Reserve. The Fed operates independently of the government; however, the Feds’ jurisdiction originates from Congress and the Fed is subject to congressional supervision. Furthermore The President nominates the members of the Board of Governors which must be confirmed by the Senate. The salaries of the Fed are also set and appointed by the government. Although the Fed can exercise freedom in monetary determinations, the existing relationship with the government invites corruption particularly with the present administration and its champagne socialists.

But there are some indicators that that is not responsible either. Detailed studies have been done to compare post-war business cycles with prior ones. At least one indicates that there was no improvement. Obvert Lucas made a key insight into the difficulties of managing the economy. Looking at post-World War II business Cycles, he argued that if one could choose between smoothing out the cycles completely and increasing the annual economic Growth by 0.1%, the latter would make people better off overall. As we consider the different policy options, it is important to keep this insight in mind as one more trade off that has to be considered. <br><br>The Federal Reserve Board was created in 1913. Ostensibly, it was to act as the lender of last resort to prevent bank panics like the one that had occurred in 1907. Although some conspiracy minded folks might weave elaborate tales regarding its Creation, the reason is rather straightforward. The big banks simply wanted government protection and bailouts and were more than willing to endure a little government regulation in return. Like the Interstate Commerce Commission before it, the Federal Government would be staffed with people from the industry that it was supposedly a watchdog over and who would most likely feel that what's good for banks are good for America? Throughout the years preceding the Stock Market crash, the Federal Government did just that. The Federal Government set

The Federal Reserve has three tools to help maintain and make changes within money supply and policies. The first tool and most popular tool is open market operations. The Reserve uses this instrument to regulate the rate of federal funds within the system, which is merely the rate in which banks borrow reserves from other banks. With this tool, they can alter the interest rates and amount of money on the open market. Therefore, the Reserve can essentially control the total money stream, whether that is expanding and contracting it.

The Federal Reserve exercises its power to stimulate stable employment economies and economic prices. The pursuit of the required employment rate and the creation of price stability, the Federal Reserve can increase or decrease the interest rate.

Monetary policy is controlled by the Federal Reserve, an independent agency from the executive branch. However, the administration does have an obvious effect. The most obvious is the appointment and reappointment of Alan Greenspan. At the time this may have seemed like a tough decision, but in hind sight the decision could not have been any better. When it was time for his reappointment from President Clinton, he was not regarded as the savior he is now. Many officials from the Bush administration blamed him for the recession of 90-91. Not to mention the fact that Greenspan is a conservative Republican. It would have been common sense to assume that Clinton would put someone who shared his political philosophy over the highest bank in the land. The fact that Clinton

The Federal Reserve is a preserve of economist while the government is headed by politicians. It follows therefore that the Federal Reserve must offer guidelines on how to formulate the fiscal policies which is done by the president and congress in order to reflect in the monetary policies. For example, the government cannot institute tax cuts when the dollar is too strong because it will increase on the strength of the dollar further leading to international trade imbalances and scaring away international investors who fear that changing their currencies to dollar will diminish their investing power.

United States Federal Reserve system, also known as Federal Reserve or simply “Fed” is the United States central banking system. The Federal Reserve took inception in 1913, after the adoption of the Federal Reserve Act. The United States Congress has mandated three macroeconomic objectives to the Federal Reserve. These are minimum levels of unemployment, prices stability and keeping in check the rates of interests. Over the years, the role of Federal Reserve has expanded. It now formulates the country’s monetary policies, conducts supervision and regulation of the banking institutions, maintenance of the financial

The Federal Funds Rate is arguably the most important interest rate in the world as it sets the tone in the market. This is the overnight interest rate used when banks borrow money from other banks or from the Federal Reserve. (Miller, 2016) If they do not have enough on hand to lend out, the Federal Reserve would be a place where banks can borrow money overnight. The rate is a tool used by the Fed to control the supply of available money therefore controlling inflation and other interest rates. (Fed Funds Rate: Definition, Impact and How it Works, n.d.) The higher the rate the more it costs to borrow money which lowers the supply of money. The lower the rate the less it costs to borrow which increases the supply of money. While it may seem natural that a very

Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has such a control over our Economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal Reserve System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the monetary policy of the power that it holds.

Monetary Policy, in the United States, is the process by which the Federal Reserve controls the money supply to promote economic growth and stability. It is based on the relationship between interest rates of the economy and the total supply of money. The Federal Reserve uses a variety of monetary policy tools to control one or both of these.