Monetary Policy And Its Effects On Economic Market

This report discusses the association between the Federal Reserve System and U.S. Monetary Policy. It mentions that the government can finance war through money printing, debt, and raising taxes. It affirms that The Federal Reserve is not a government entity but an independent one. It supports that the Federal Reserve’s policies are the root cause of boom and bust cycles. It confirms that the FED’s money printing causes inflation and loss of wealth for United States citizens. It affirms that the government’s involvement in education through student loans has raised the cost of a college education. It confirms that the United States economy is in a housing bubble, the stock market bubble, bond market bubble, student loan bubble, dollar bubble, and consumer loan bubble. It supports the idea that the Federal Reserve does not raise interest rates because of the fear of deflating the bubbles they have created in recent years.

United States Federal Reserve system, also known as Federal Reserve or simply “Fed” is the United States central banking system. The Federal Reserve took inception in 1913, after the adoption of the Federal Reserve Act. The United States Congress has mandated three macroeconomic objectives to the Federal Reserve. These are minimum levels of unemployment, prices stability and keeping in check the rates of interests. Over the years, the role of Federal Reserve has expanded. It now formulates the country’s monetary policies, conducts supervision and regulation of the banking institutions, maintenance of the financial

The nation's monetary policy is set up by the Federal Reserve in order to support the aims and objectives of better employment, stable prices and a suitable and logical long term interest rates. One of the main challenges that are faced by policy makers is the stress among the aims and objectives that can occur in the short term and the fact that information regarding the economy becomes delayed and can be inaccurate (Monetary).

Most people don’t understand Economic growth or what takes place in the economy with regard to inflation, unemployment, or interest rates. These things are all regulated by the central bank called the Federal Reserve System. The tope covered in this paper is the monetary policy which is the policy that decides if unemployment, interest, and inflation decreases or increases. The Monetary policy decides what price a person pays for an item at the store, how much interest a person will get charged on a loan for a car. This is something most people consider, most just look for the best price point or look where their money can go the farthest.

The Fed, or The Federal Reserve is the Central banking system of the United States of America. This politically isolated central banking system of the United States Is to the rest of the world’s central banking systems, what the influence of the writings of John Locke, and the Magna Carta are to creation of the United States and its Declaration of Independence. Apart from a few minor/major economic crisis since its conception, The Federal Reserve system and its use of various monetary policies has stood as an example for the Central banking systems across the globe. The following will cover the various instruments that The Federal Reserve uses to shape its monetary policy. On top of that,

Over the past couple of years we have seen a huge surge in stock markets (Chart#1). The main reason for such moves is Quantitative Easing monetary policy provided by Federal Reserve System since late 2008. Purchases were halted on 29 October 2014 after accumulating $4.5 trillion in assets or 26% of GDP. The key outlook is tend to be consumer behavior, because households’ spending represents two thirds of GDP, which is broadest measure of economic activity. The job market is considerably stronger right now. Since June last year, payroll employments expanded by $2.2 million jobs (Chart#2), which represents 2.4 percent annual rate of increase. As a result, incomes are rising rapidly. For the same period real

Over the past year we have gone through many changes politically, environmentally, and more. The main change occurring today is the Federal Reserve’s control on monetary policy which affects the interest rates and money supply all caused by the buying or selling of government bonds. The Federal Reserve needs to raise interest rates because they have “remained relatively slow by historical standards” (Binyamin Appelbaum, July 7, 2017). However, the inflation rate and rate of growth in GDP have been relatively low, restraining the Fed from raising the rates too high.

Monetary policy is the action taken by the Federal Reserve to expand or contract the money supply and influence interest rates.

The Fed Reserve Bank (the Fed) uses monetary policy response work with open market operations to effect interest rates, however, during the financial crisis, the Fed used the unconventional monetary policy of quantitative easing to lower interest rates nearly to zero, by increasing the money supply. The Fed response was a way to stimulate the economy, it was not an attempt to stabilize it. This drawing down of interest rates was with the goal to stimulate the economy. This worked through by increasing the money supply allows

OCR is the main tool that Reserve Bank uses to conduct the monetary policy. It is important because whenever the Bank makes a decision to change the interest rate (cost of borrowing money), it will greatly affect to spending and investment. As a result, changes of OCR will lead to either higher prices (inflation) or lower prices (deflation). The RBNZ discuss fully the OCR every six weeks based on its economic and financial figures. The Banks does so frequently since it wants to make sure that the inflation is stable and this helps the entire economy operate smoothly and sustainably.

The Federal Reserve went into action in response to the 2008 recession by rapidly reducing interest rates with the hopes of encouraging economic growth. The federal funds target rate was decreased to between zero and .25 percent. The results of the rate changes caused what is called “zero bound”, this reduced the effectiveness of monetary policy with the near non-existence of interest rates.

It is evident that we take action now to aid our economic activity. We can do this by adopting an expansionary monetary policy to stimulate our economy. The Federal Reserve has historically held rates at a relatively low level, but it is important that we gradually increase rates as our economy strengthens. Just last week our nation saw that, “the Federal Reserve sent a sharp, simple message to financial markets (on Wednesday): Pay attention. The Fed is thinking seriously about raising its benchmark interest rate at its next meeting, in June.” Our economy is not quite ready to tighten monetary policy. Expansion is relatively easy for the Fed to implement, and can be put in to action quickly. The Fed is already holding rates at very low level, but it is tough to predict what other global economies will do in the near future to stimulate their own respective economies. As a nation, I believe that in this moment in time, we need to continue the expansionary trend until we are stable enough to make great moves towards an ideal state for an economic

The discount rate is also lowered allowing the banks to worry less about debt and loan to people with lower credit scores. This encourages people to make loans because of the lower interest rates which increase investment and consumer spending; this makes the economy expand ending recessions.

Low interest rates will also alter the behaviour of consumers, businesses and banks. One of which is excessive risk taking as credit is more accessible. Especially after the financial crisis when the economy is in recovery mode, individuals and institutions might take unnecessary gambles in order to recoup what they have lost. This will lead to a high credit bubble where people are unable to repay their loans. However, people might react differently. They might be more prudent with their money thus reducing the demand, which will lead to an economic decline. As human behaviour is not possible to quantify and predict accurately, this presents the government with a dilemma,

The United States is best described as a mixed economy. A mixed economy is when the government is not in charge of the economy, but is still majorly involved in economic decisions. The government plays a critical role in providing economic conditions where the marketplace can function effectively. Any decisions made are in order to either maintain the market or stabilize the economy during a financial crisis. Monetary policy and fiscal policy are two tools by which government uses to guide the economy. Sometimes the economy is challenged with both inflation and unemployment at high rates. Macroeconomics breaks down the entire economy and the issues affecting it, including inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and monetary and fiscal