Money Lauundering In Indonesia

Because orangutans are so well adapted for the ecological niche they occupy, it is understandable why their populations suffer when their habitat is destroyed. In fact, in the last 20 years orangutans have lost nearly 80% of their natural habitat largely due to deforestation. Between the years of 1999 and 2006 roughly 55% of that deforestation was due to the expansion of the palm oil industry. Furthermore, Indonesia and Malaysia combined account for nearly 87% of the global output of palm oil with Indonesia generating about 18.7 and Malaysia 17.4 million tons a year. When considering these statistics, it raises questions about why this industry is seemingly more relevant than conserving natural resources and more importantly protecting an invaluable species of ape from extinction. To answer this question, it might be helpful to consider how the vast majority views the palm oil industry by comparison to the orangutans in terms of economics.

As you can see deforestation is man made, not intentionally man made, but instead intentionally made for industrialization. Predominantly Indonesia has the highest rate of deforestation in the world and also is the world's third-largest producer of greenhouse gases behind China and the US, with 85% of its emissions coming from forest destruction and degradation (theG). The statistics as you can see are more alarming than perceived in the media and it is extremely imperative to help regulate and help with this mast tragedy of the

Deforestation has lead to terrible living conditions and 38 species have been driven to extinction. John Vidal, author of “The Sumatran Rainforest Will Mostly Disappear Within 20 Years,” writes about the ways logging companies are getting past regulations to take more land and logs away from the forest and natives. Ian Sample, author of “Amazon’s Doomed Species Set to Pay Deforestation’s ‘Extinction Debt,’” on the other hand mostly talks about the affects deforestation has on animals. Vidal has the better argument over Sample because his explanations about its effects on humans and corruption from companies and the government.

Banks could become victim to kiting. Kiting can occur within a bank because criminals will open multiple accounts within multiple organizations in order to commit kiting. Banks also fall victim, as they do not detect kiting taking place until it is too late and the high dollar checks come back as nonsufficient funds.

Criminalisation is a central tenet of any credible anti-money laundering (AML) regime. The principal offences related to money laundering in Australia are contained in division 400 of the Criminal Code Act 1995(Cth) (the Criminal Code), which applies to both ‘proceeds’ and ‘instruments’ of crime. Recognising the wide array of channels used to launder funds, the provision is framed in broad terms and has been relied on to prosecute individuals in a variety of circumstances. This versatility has been acknowledged by the courts with the NSWCA in Milne v R asserting that ‘the money laundering offences in section 400 constitute a 21st century response to antisocial and criminal conduct commonly with international elements’. Through the remainder of this presentation I will outline the evolution and background of these offences, their elements, application, and

The three factors/ approaches that best explain the current patterns of forest decline and recovery are population/markets, political economy, and ethics. The population/markets approach introduces the concept of forest transition theory which talks about how the economic growth that destroys forests is also necessary for its restoration and return. The initial expansion in population and economic activity puts pressure on forest resources, resulting in rampant deforestation that clears land for agricultural use. The intensification of agriculture then allows more crops to be grown on less land, in turn freeing up unneeded land for forest recovery. From a political economy standpoint however, a decrease in forest cover is viewed as an expansion

A few of the hundreds of NGO’s operating in Afghanistan include the World Health Organization, World Bank, British Agencies Afghan group, and Afghans for Civil Society. While each of these organizations takes on the battle in a different way, they are all aiming towards the same goal at the end of the fight; Peace for the Afghan people. Some of these organizations decide to take on this battle by aiding with things such as health care, agricultural development, building programs, emergency relief, or school reconstruction. Despite the efforts of these NGO’s, many problems have arisen, making it hard to maintain ideal structural stability for the organizations working within the state. A main concern for humanitarians across the globe is the “blurred line” that has occurred as a result of the inability to decipher between aid workers, and military troops. This has caused the Afghan people to become vary, and can result in a lack of trust for those trying to administer support. Western governments have also proceeded to voice the idea of the ‘comprehensive approach’ to peacekeeping. This approach focuses on the idea that militaries, aid workers, politicians and civilians should all work together to provide ‘complex solutions to complex emergencies.’ ("Civil-Military Relations in Afghanistan”). The inability to disentangle the

While the Borneo project tries to work within the local community to enact change, the fact that an international organization is working to help this local community is an example of how a global connection can be a positive thing as opposed to a global connection through trade that has led to the destruction of this area of Borneo. The companies are clearing and burning a lot of land in violation of international and national law exceeding what's allowed. This is what is causing the deforestation. Deforestation affects trade economic globalization and environmental destruction and human rights

Why anti-deforestation pledge is important? According to the United Nations summit is the perpetuation of what all types of forests and forest lands do of roles and multiple tasks. The basis of this work due to significant weakness in policies and approaches and mechanisms adopted for the development of ecological, economic, social and cultural multi-trees roles and forests and forest land.

Recently, the rise in the production value of palm oil has taken a large toll on some of the planet's oldest rainforests. Much of the rainforest has been demolished for growth of palm trees farmed for their palm oil. Palm oil plantations have taken over nearly one million acres of rainforests (“Palm Oil Plantations are Blamed for Many Evils”). In areas such as the Leuser ecosystem, there is an illegal clearing of rainforests destroying the homes of native people and the habitats that many unique animals call home (“As Palm Oil Farms Expand, it’s a Race to Save Indonesia's Orangutans.”). Farmers are forced to continue clearing land to produce enough palm oil to reach economic demands. In fact, the palm oil industry is the world’s largest cause of deforestation (“Dear EarthTalk”). From 2009 through 20011 over One million two hundred thousand acres of forest was destroyed (‘‘Palm Oil is Killing the Sumatran Tiger”) Dr. Ian Singleton claimed: “The road from Medan to here is kind of the only road out of Medan that’s not palm oil as

Originally developed in the 1970’s, money laundering is a technique used to disguise the proceeds of crime, and reintegrate them into apparently legitimate assets (Levi and Reuter 2006). Money laundering is commonly used by drug dealers, terrorists and other corrupt organizations (Seymour 2008). Drug trafficking, smuggling and embezzlement are examples of criminal activities that generate large amounts of illicit funds for criminal groups; the desire to legitimize these funds and minimize detection stimulate the demand for money laundering schemes (Buchanan 2004). Organizations try to make the money appear legal and legitimate in order to minimize the possibility of being apprehended by authorities. Money laundering takes away the integrity of licensed financial systems and associations and ultimately provides organized crime the money it requires to perform additional criminal activities (Seymour 2008). There are 3 phases of money laundering; Placement, Layering and Integration. Placement is fulfilled by transforming the sum of cash obtained from criminal activities into a more movable and less dubious form. After this, inserting these earnings into the mainstream economic system makes the money appear legitimate. The purpose of this is to withdraw the illegal profits and isolate it from their illegal origins. However, the laundering mechanism is most susceptible during placement because illicit pursuit provokes large sums of cash, which is hefty and tough to obscure in

Over the decades, IMF (International Monetary Fund) has provided governments across the world with practical assistance to tackle money laundering. As a result, many countries around the world have reformulated laws governing central banking, commercial banking, and foreign exchange with the intention to prevent money laundering (Quirk, 1997, p.8). Furthermore, the cooperation between IMF and FATF (Financial Action Task Force) has also played an important role on combating money laundering (Schneider & Windischbauer, 2008).

Deforestation is a global environmental threat the planet is currently experiencing. Deforestation in tropical rainforests is especially problematic as they are home to a myriad of important plant and animal species. The rich biodiversity found in these environments are needed, as we rely heavily on the ecological services they provide for us. Forest exports, cattle ranching, and international corporations and agencies are a few factors and actors to this issue. It is important to consider these economic and political factors if we wish to establish appropriate governance. Although the mass clearing of trees is regarded as essential for economic development, deforestation will have detrimental consequences for the international community and thus requires serious global governance.

The restriction to the local people for the use of forest products and timber logging can increase the demand for these products and market value. The control of the deforestation and degradation in REDD+ site increases the agricultural land crisis and demand for the land. Studies indicate that cross-border leakage is a major problem in many areas. In Vietnam between 1987 and 2006, about 39% of the forest cover was recovered, which was balanced by the forest loss in the neighboring countries including Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Indonesia (Barlow, et. al., 2012). The conservation or restoration project in the REDD+ areas without considering the immediate or underlying causes of forest loss can be more prone to leakage (Miles and Dickson, 2010) causing deforestation elsewhere to meet the demand for agricultural products and forest needs (Barlow, et. al., 2012).

One fundamental premise for sustainable development is the recognition that environment and development are not exclusive of one another but are complementary and inter-dependent and in the long run man mutually reinforcing (Ahmad and Sanny 1987). This complexity explains the difficulty in operational zing the concept of sustainable Development. Yet there has been ever increasing demand on the limited forest resources and the carrying capably of the fragile forest ecosystem. Under the conditions of poverty for which Nigeria is known, the environment often exhibits the ravages of long years of mismanagement as illustrated by high rate of deforestation, overgrazing, desertification and endangering the forest species. In advanced countries, most forests are managed but in developing countries like Nigeria, relatively few forests are formally managed. Much timber production in Nigeria still comes from natural forest. The organized forest management is the Teak (tectona grandis) plantations in the South West which have been bastardized by the military administrators of these states in the 90s. Their impact favoured deforestation. This has generated public pressure to manage forests. With this pressure and with much timber production, forests are now in demand for other goods and services in fact, the goods of forest management are broadening. The