Monitoring Plants without Man Power

Agroforestry practice is not a new practice for the world, In different regions in the earth it has been practiced with different name and different approach according to their geographical area and microclimatic situations. (king) but the term agroforestry itself is new. Agroforestry defined as a land use system that integrates trees, crops and animal in way that is scientifically sound ecological desirable, practically feasible and socially acceptable to the farmers. (Nair, 1979) In the country like India which confronted the huge population boom and becomes second largest populated country in the world, Fulfilling the food demand, maintaining the ecological balance and also alleviating the economic condition of the farmers (where the 50 % of the population practice agriculture) are the key challenges. Agroforestry provides a way to increase agriculture production with the production of timber/wood which is majorly extracted from the precious forest

Even though we are only conducting a small scale sustainable agriculture on campus, we wish to achieve the goals for sustainable farming. We want to be sufficiently productive, while using resources efficiently and minimize undesired and unnecessary waste. Moreover, we want to be resilient and adaptable to any changing conditions such as weather, water shortage, and labor availability. Therefore, the main goal of our project is to maximize production with limited resources and

Conversely, natural cultivation is an advanced technology that does not harm the environment as well as the biosphere. As a matter of fact, no longer do cultivated areas contaminated, pesticide residual, emaciated and degraded. Instead, this technique assists boost biodiversity and the biosphere reserve in nature and protect the environment from antiquated farming practice. It would be the height of folly, however, not to mention some drawbacks of organic agriculture and advantages of intensive farming. For one thing, organic farming, while conventional farming is manufacturing bigger yields, cannot produce enough food to assuage the world’s appetite. For another thing, it would be rather difficult for the impoverished and underprivileged to afford high-priced products from natural farming, which, consequently, can in part limit their interests of utilizing fresh food. Meanwhile, intensive agriculture, with curtailed prices, can meet the requirements of more people. In conclusion, there is no denying that organic and intensive farming play a vital role in life. Notwithstanding, everything frequently parallels with its downsides and these methods are not an exception. Anyway, with the rational ways of exploiting these technological advances and future development in their security, hopefully all problems will be eliminated and the merits can be

Since the time immemorial agricultural production has been primarily outdoors. Agri-horticulture is primarily climate and weather dependent. Environment is the most determinate factor in horticultural crop production. Protected cultivation facilitates control over environmental variables which other wise drastically affect production and productivity of horticultural crops. Protected cultivation has considerably contributed for better understanding of environmental factors and inputs required for improving crop productivity. It is a unique and specialized form of agriculture. Different devices or technologies viz., windbreaks, irrigation, soil mulches etc. as well as structures viz., greenhouses, tunnels, row covers may be used to grow crops

Sustainable agriculture, in simple terms, is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare (“Sustainable Agriculture - The Basics,” 2017). Sustainable ag is something that most farmers want to achieve, but because of it’s expensive cost, most farms are not. Farming became industrialized in the mid-1900’s to produce food and fiber that could be mass produced at a very cheap price. The problem with industrialized agriculture are the negative impacts to the environment, animal welfare, public health, and rural communities. Following a few steps will ensure the future of successful agriculture.

To test the water usage of the smart agricultural system, data was collected for the three different types of algorithms implemented for this project: timed based, reactive, and proactive control of the environment. The timed based algorithm turns the water pump on based only on the time of the day. The reactive algorithm turns the water pump on only if the soil moisture falls below a certain threshold. The first two algorithms only consider one type of data for their algorithms, either time or soil moisture. Comparatively, the proactive algorithm actively monitors the environmental conditions to determine the best time to turn the water pump on. The proactive algorithm monitors the soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pressure, time

Asia was able to achieve Green Revolution(GR) majorly due to the agricultural policies, extension services of governments and the financial support of international donors on crop breeding research in research centres formed under the consortium Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, CGIAR (Pingali, 2012). Now, CGIAR is working for ‘doubly Green Revolution’ which takes into account of environmental issues, sustainable development and equitable opportunities for small farmers (Conway et al., 2001). Though GR is getting into its second phase of optimising resource utilization, its first phase of

Abstract- Wireless sensor networks have many advantages over traditional wired sensing technology, due to their embedded construction. This technology has been used in agricultural scenario because of the need for enhancing precision, quality and quantity in farming. This paper is about developing a prototype for the system which utilized a real time wireless sensor network to communicate wirelessly with a pest management system that measures the various parameters like air temperature, air humidity and leaf wetness duration in an Apple and Picrorhiza Kurroa (Kutki) farm for the prediction of disease, Apple Scab in Apple and Powdery Mildew in Kutki. For this purpose an application software has been developed to derive a relation among

Abstract— Wireless Sensor Network broadly used for observing the environmental constraint. An automated irrigation system is developed to improve water use for agriculture yields. Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks. For monitoring the energy consumption MAC protocols plays a very major role. With the help sensors and simple circuitry this work purposes low-cost product, which can be bought even by a poor farmer. The structure has a dispersed sensor nodes (SN) comprising of soil moisture, humidity and temperature sensors located in the soil and base station (BS). BS will gather data from SN. If the collected data in the BS is less than threshold value then BS will perform a needed action for irrigation. In this project, a TDMA based algorithm and single hop wireless communication are used to provide better energy efficiency. Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) has been used for the exploration of the algorithm.

While agriculture is pivotal to human survival, it has some very detrimental effects on the environment. Agricultural production is first and foremost an industry that directly depends on natural resources such as water, land and a multitude of plants and animals. The exponentially growing human population and ever changing consumption patterns have stimulated the evolution of agriculture from the traditional to a now modern, intensive system. (Natural Resources Management and Environment Department ) In the 20th century, the intensified agriculture began to affect the environment, decrease the food quality and treat animals badly. Farmers are now under great pressure to become more efficient to maximize their profits and production through more specialization and bigger machines. (Friesen) For example, in the past 7000 plant species were collected for food, however today we only use 15 plant species that supply us 90% of the global demand. (Walls) Nearly one third of the land on earth is used for agricultural purposes and when practiced without care, agriculture farming presents the greatest threat to species and ecosystems and the only way to reduce the negative impacts is to create sustainable agriculture operations.

Large population of India depends on agriculture field .Agriculture sector is badly affected by environment condition. The solution to this problem is polyhouse farming.

The production of plants requires large amounts of water, between 200 and 500 liters per kg of product, and high mineral content in the form of fertilizers. Each hectare of land gets an input of around 100 kg nitrogen, 16 kg phosphorus, and 100 kg potassium. The effects on the environment are determent on the amount used and the farmer’s skill in using the correct application timing and rates. What is not used in the plant production can be dispersed into the environment.

The horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops e.g., fruit crops, vegetable crops, potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices and plantation crops. India, with its wide variability of climate and soil, is highly favourable for growing a large number of horticultural crops. It is the fastest growing sector within agriculture. It contributes in poverty alleviation, nutritional security and have ample scope for farmers to increase their income and helpful in sustaining large number of agro-based industries which generate huge employment opportunities. Presently horticulture contributes 28 per cent of agricultural GDP. The national goal of achieving 4.0 per

Smart Farming provides technological solutions to the agri- cultural businesses as well as to the farmers. It has many applications in precision farming, weather forecasting, quality control, data analyses and collection, etc. With reference to that, crop disease detection is the subset of smart farming. Crop disease detection plays an integral role in the de- velopment of the crops. In present era, the approach used for detection by farmers is through naked eye. It requires continuous observation and monitoring which results into loss of time and it is expensive. In some regions, farmers need to go various places to take guidance from the experts.

One of the major challenges facing today is to meet the demands of increasing population and to reduce the environmental degradation caused by over population and industrialization. Increasing environmental degradation is damaging the productivity of agriculture lands. The factors affecting the productivity include soil erosion, salinization, water logging, and desertification. These factors cause low crop-yields and deterioration of environment. In this paper we will identifies the factors limiting crop-yields in Pakistan and suggest suitable technologies to realize sustainable crop-yields, while improving the environmental conditions.