Mononegavirales: The Agent Of Ebola Disease

Ebola is one of the most deadly diseases known to man. The mortality rate of Ebola ranges from 25% to 90% (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010; Cowart, 2014). There is no cure for Ebola and no vaccine to prevent its spread (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2010; Cowart, 2014). The virus itself is spreads between organisms through bodily fluids, such as blood and vomit, which are shed by an infected individual (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2010). These fluids typically carry a large viral load, or number of cells that harbor the virus (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2010). The virus is spread when infectious bodily fluids come into contact with mucous membranes (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2010). As such, infection can occur when infectious fluids enter a cut, enter intravenously, or encounter mucous membranes, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth (WHO, 2014; CDC, 2010).

Ebola Virus Disease is previously known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever which is the most virulent and rapidly widespread epidemic in the history (1) (2). In 1976, the disease was first discovered by Dr. Peter Piotin in two tropical regions, initially in Sudan, and followed by another one in village in Democratic Republic of the Congo near to Ebola River, since then it has been decided to name the fetal disease depending on the place where the disease has been discovered. EVD can affect human and other primates by direct contact with Ebola patient's body fluids, infected primates, or due to sex (1)(3). The symptoms usually appear from 2 to 21 days after the exposure of Ebola virus (3). There is yet no documented medication

The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (CDC, About Ebola). Ebola was also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever which is a zoonotic disease caused by direct contact with infected or dead animals ("The Natural History of Ebola Virus in Africa."). According to the Centers For Disease Control, there are four to five types of Ebola viruses but only four are known to cause diseases in human which are: the Ebola virus; Sudan Virus; Taї virus; and Bundibugyo. The fifth is the Reston Virus which causes diseases in nonhuman but does not affect humans. The whereabouts of where the virus came from is unknown but researchers believe that the virus is animal-borne (animals that carry the virus) and that bats are the carriers based on evidence and similar viruses they have found. Four of the five virus mostly occur in an animal host native to Africa (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)). The virus does not affect the host’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-encodes genes but the ribonucleic acid (RNA)-encodes proteins.

Ebola was named for a small river near Maridi, Sudan. Since Ebola first appeared in 1967 there have been over 100 cases of Ebola with more than 50% of the patients dying within days of their acute symptoms. Ebola is classified as a biosafety level four agent because of its extreme pathogenicity and the lack of a vaccine or antiviral drug. Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans. Ebola has spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nigeria, USA, Senegal and Mali. Ebola has been presented for more than 35 years; however, the largest outbreak began in West Africa in March 2014. Ebola was previously reported in: Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, United States, Mali, and United Kingdom. However, there are no current cases of Ebola in these countries. There were four people who were diagnosed with Ebola in the United States. The two brought ebola into the country while the other two contracted the disease after caring for an Ebola patient in the United States. One man however died from the disease and the other three recovered and are now free of Ebola. Most of these cases were due to people traveling from a country where ebola was present. This outbreak cause severe and

This is important because Ebola is a very deadly disease that directly attacks your immune system and causes internal bleeding. Ebola kills 6 out of 10 people and even though many more people die every year from malaria and the flu, ebola is a very serious disease that spreads pretty

In 2014, Ebola hemorrhagic fever caused an outbreak in West Africa that officially ended in 2016. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, “Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species” (“Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease)”). Ebola is caused when a person is in contact with an infected person’s blood or other body fluids. Prevention of contracting the disease include, not touching the dead body of an infected person, not touching body fluids of an infected person, avoiding places infected people are being treated, not touching bats or nonhuman primates

It is one of three members of the ‘Filoviridae’ family and comprises of 5 distinct species, three of which are fatal to humans. These fatal species are the ‘Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV)’, the Reston Ebolavirus (RESTV), and the Sudan Ebolavirus (SUDV). Due to the difficulty in obtaining samples and studying the disease because of the remote areas in which it outbreaks, the cause of Ebola is not yet defined. However, it is greatly suspected that fruit bats carry and spread the virus (through their droppings) without being affected. As mentioned above, the virus is then transmitted to humans through contact with the infected bodily fluids of an infected organism or

However both diseases have differences too. The plague spread from pet to human. In the article I found, the author says, “Those who become stick got the disease from their pets.” On the other hand the Ebola spread from person to person. The quote that shows this is “…instead, it was able to jump from human to human to keep spreading”.

Ebola was and still is a greatly talked about problem. Most people know that it is very contagious. The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola river in Congo.The greatest outbreak of Ebola started in Guinea in December 2013.Ebola is a virus with several strains and it can cause the disease Ebola hemorrhagic fever. People that are infected with the Ebola virus get their immune system destroyed and eventually start bleeding internally and externally .Depending on the outbreak from 50 - 90% of the infected die from (EBV)

“The disease spread like wildfire” (Osterath). As the year 2014 went along more and more people knew that Ebola was as serious of a disease as any. Ebola started in Sierra Leone a country in West Africa. The first case was recorded in March 23, 2014 “It was the largest and longest ebola outbreak in history” (Osterath). The disease itself is relatively old as it was first seen in 1976 in the country of Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ebola comes from people eating wild animals like bats and monkeys who are the natural carrier of the disease. The disease is most commonly transmitted by blood and other bodily fluids.The Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone was one of the worst outbreaks in history. Ebola killed thousands of people and left the country and its people in a constant state of chaos.

Ebola Virus is a serious transmitted disease by both humans and animals. The disease first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the virus received its name. Ebola Virus is a member of the negative stranded RNA viruses known as filoviruses. There are currently, five different strains of the Ebola Virus including, Zaire (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV), Bundibuguyo (BDBV), Taï Forest (TAFV) and Reston (RESTV). Each of the strains of the virus are very closely related including Reston which only effects animals. Yet, Ebola Zaire is the most highly virulent subtype, often leading to death. All of the different types of the virus are extremely dangerous and often cause death if untreated.

Ebola virus originated in wild animals; it is spread by animal-to-human and human-to-human contact with infected bodily fluids, internal organs and contaminated objects

For humans, Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the ebolaviruses. The virus is from the Filoviridae family. “Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope, and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest. Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with

The Ebola Virus is an extremely deadly virus found in Africa. There have been multiple outbreaks across Africa and one in the United States. The Ebola virus basically causes uncontrollable bleeding externally and internally. Then your organs become liquefied. This usually results in death(www.encyclopedia.com). The following report contains info on the characteristics and history of the Ebola Virus.

Ebola has been an outbreak in Africa since 1975. It kills half of the people infected. It has a high risk of killing. The first time that someone actually had a known case was about, in 1976 in England.