Mononucleosis Essay

     Lupus is a potentially life threatening disease that effects about 1.5 million Americans. Lupus can effect many different parts of the body. Lupus is a type of autoimmune system disorder in which the body cannot distinguish the difference between foreign antibodies and its own organs. So basically what happens is that the body ends up attacking its own organs thinking they are foreign substances. (The Lupus Foundation of America)

Very severe outbreaks may have symptoms that include swollen and tender lymph glands in the groin, throat, or under the arms, and even flu-like feelings such as fever, chills, headache, and a general run down feeling.

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

Joint pain is common in Lupus. Patients suffer from arthritis-like pain, swelling in the joints, redness and stiffness. These symptoms involve one or more joints.

This disease can lead to severe pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis and in a worst case scenario could even cause death.

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that attacks women between the ages of 15 and 40. It occurs less often in men than in women. The people affected by lupus vary depending on the country or region. In the US alone, the prevalence rate is highest among Asians of Hawaii, blacks of Caribbean origin, and Native Americans of the Sioux, Arapahoe, and Crow tribes. Lupus is a disease that affects the immune system. We can think of the immune system as an army within the body with hundreds of defenders (known as antibodies). They defend the body from attack by germs and viruses. In lupus, however, the immune system becomes overactive and creates antibodies that attack healthy tissues in the body, such as: the skin, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain.

Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system turns against itself and attacks itself.

“Lupus Foundation of America Commends FDA committee Decision to Approved Benlysta.” Medical New Today. 19 Nov 2010. 19 Nov 2010. <www.medicalnewstoday.com>

NOTE: LYMPH NODES ARE PART OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM WHICH INCLUDES THE SPLEEN AND THYMUS. THEY ARE WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SWELLING OCCURS.

Some of the symptoms of “Mono” are often confused with strep throat. But because of the severe sore throat, it often prompts the patient to call the doctor and get in for a visit. Some of the most common symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis are: a general lack of energy or

In the clinical setting it is found that when there is a bacterial infection that there is a sudden and rapid signs of illness in a patient. There will be dyspnea, hemoptysis, lethargic,

Autoimmune diseases are a growing concern in the American population. An estimated 10 million Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases with 75% of these cases being of women. Furthermore, autoimmune diseases have grown to be within the top 10 causes of death among American women. The incidences of these diseases have been shown to increase with financial wealth, industrial development, and the modern progression of life. As such, the occurrence of these conditions is expected to grow as time passes. With such a notable modern influence, it is shocking that these diseases were not considered of clinical relevance until the 1950s. The investigation of the mechanisms of the propagation of these diseases have been of immense scientific relevance ever since. The complicated immunological background behind infection and treatment of autoimmune diseases while interesting from a scientists perspective, means that from the perspective of treatment there is a long arduous path until new, efficient treatments will show an appreciable decrease in the occurrence of these diseases within American population.

Infectious mononucleosis is an infection caused by a virus. This illness is often called “mono.” It causes symptoms that affect various areas of the body, including the throat, upper air passages, and lymph glands. The liver or spleen may also be affected.

The detection of autoantibodies against intracellular targets called antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is important in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Testing for ANA is therefore a logical first step in the differential evaluation of patients when systemic autoimmune etiology is suspected. Timely diagnosis of SARD is challenging due to the wide spectrum of overlapping symptoms. Furthermore, while the frequency of ANA is highest in patients with SARD, these antibodies are also found in

When injury occurs, the body goes through different phases in order to complete its recovery, each phase has a specific job with the intention of preparing the body for the next phase of recovery. The phases that the body goes through are; the bleeding phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting.