Monoracial Differences : The Impact Of Multiracial Discrimination

Ethnicity and race are ways to differentiate a group of person from another; therefore, in the 21th century this terms has acquired a powerful meaning in society. A few months ago, I learned how significant this terms are.

Biracial Self-Identification: Impact on Trait anxiety, social anxiety and depression is a journal article that discusses the causes of social anxiety and depression amongst biracial individuals. This scientific study was designed to determine if the ethnicity that biracial individuals chose to identify themselves as impacted their psychological test scores. This study was also designed to observe if the pressure from other individuals of which race is accepted upon a biracial person causes high or low test scores on the psychological test. This article discusses the different affects that being pressured to choose an identity has on a biracial individual.

If there is one thing I have noticed during my, admittedly, short sixteen years, it is the racial discrimination and obvious bigotry of the those who are not "white". Stereotypes and detrimental comments are slung every which way. Others, rely on subtle jabs while some are oblivious to the offense of the people they are around.

“A Person of Mixed Race Explores Notions of Race, 1991” describes how an American sees race as not just a physical characteristic but rather what it embodies in a person. He perceives himself as a hyphenated Asian American due to others perceptions, however, he sees himself as “a male human being”. The author does attempt for, “passing for an Asian” by the changing of his middle name to be closer to his roots. The author, however, does not want to just be determined by his heritage and his features but rather what he makes of himself in the world. The idea of Race has always been a defining factor in where people end up in class, status, or the image they have in the United States. As soon as someone is categorized, they are stuck in that notion

In the United States, racism and stereotype bias is an important issue that we still struggle with today and it impacts how we understand each other. Throughout U.S history, people that were mixed (part-white and part-black) were typically identified as Black. Arnold Ho, Susan Gelman and Steven Roberts, U-M professors of psychology published a scientific article (Ho et al., 2015) looking into the cognitive backgrounds behind how an individual categorizes other individuals based on race. They performed studies on categorization on how we categorize multiracial individuals. The study combined research on racial existentialism, existentialism meaning ideals and negative bias in order to explain the difference in the way people categorize multiracial individuals as “black” over “white”. Their findings suggest that categorization biases, also known as hypodescent, influence how we categorize multiracial individuals.

When one is asked to define the United States of America, many say it is the “melting pot” meaning different races, cultures and people come together as one. However, America being called the “melting pot” is a controversial issue because, even though there are many different races in America, racism still exists. Many years after the world war I and II, the country is still struggling with racial prejudice and discrimination. While there are laws that are put into place to protect employees or job applicant against racial biases, racial discrimination still plays a role in hiring decisions. In today’s world, racial stereotypes and discriminations are becoming less acceptable. Racial discrimination and harassment remain pervasive throughout the workplace, with 40% to 76% of ethnic minority employees experiencing at least one unwanted race-based behavior within a 12- to 24-month period (Harrell, 2000; Schneider et al., 2000). However, there are studies and experiences that show that racial stereotypes still exist and one area that is subjected but limited to racial stereotypes and discrimination is in the hiring process for jobs. For example, one study found that in the initial review of resumes, applicants were already at a disadvantage if their names suggested they were Black. The result showed that white sounding names were 50% more likely to receive a callback than applicants with black sounding names with resumes of similar quality. Moreover, resumes with higher quality

America: the home of the brave and the free, the "melting pot." America: a society of endless possibilities and promises. We as Americans have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Or do we? On what do these rights depend? Power? Power is the ability to influence another's mind. Though expressed in many ways, power is not always accessible. One's social, economic, ethical, and racial status determine how much power one can have--the cultural majority has the power. In American society, culture plays a pivotal role in our everyday life and experiences. What happens when one's identity or sense of self is lost in the melting pot?

Discrimination made its way to planet earth way before it could be documented. Racial discrimination happens all over the world both consciously and unconsciously, destroying lives every day. Racial discrimination can best be described as, when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. There are many forms of racial discrimination even if we don’t want to face it. Among the most important is harassment, workforce related, and cultural difference. It’s very important that we are aware of the many forms of racial discrimination so that we can refrain and report this type of unjust behavior.

In addition, when they claimed racial discrimination against them, sociologist Samuel Lucas, finds no solution to the effects of racial discrimination in the United States. In his research journal, he explains discrimination in America is not simply an action that one person performs in relation to another, but something way crazier that pervades the surrounding environment in which they live and work in. Also, how making a clear distinction between prejudice and discrimination is different. Lucas believes that analyzing discrimination as a structural feature of American society and history, rather than as an act by X against Y, is "treacherous. . .terrain," and "unsettling" because to "the dominant social scientific approach, it may appear

Society has established itself as a place in which hierarchies are established in order to work as a whole. The different levels of this hierarchies can be influenced based on things such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and religion. One of the main controversial issues in society is how race and ethnicity can be used as labels for some individuals. Race is based on physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, or stature (Healey & Stepnick, 2016). In the other hand, ethnicity is based on cultural traits such as religion, language, dress styles, or speech patterns (Healey & Stepnick, 2016). Furthermore, differences in beliefs about which race and ethnicity should be the

I am for the implementation of enforcing a law prohibiting employers from hiring perspective job candidates based solely on their looks, making it illegal to discriminate against one. Such as the case of racial profiling, facial discrimination is in effect, also a form profiling. Judging what a person is capable of doing based on their appearance, and therefore, should have no merit when determining their ability. Stereotyping someone who is overweight or depending who you ask, unattractive could be detrimental to one’s self-esteem, because not only is the act hurtful but also demeaning. Therefore, based on consequentialist theories, which states, “Moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results,” this constitutes as being an immoral act.

Previous literature on coping with racial discrimination has employed myriad theoretical frameworks to understand the phenomenon of coping with discrimination. One seminal theory is the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping created by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). Lazarus and Folkman theorized that exposure to a stressor will result in an interpretation or appraisal of the stressor. According to the theory, there are two types of appraisal, primary appraisal (where an individual appraises the situation to determine if there is any harm associated with the stressor) and secondary appraisal (which refers to an individual’s evaluation of their ability to contend with the stressor). Following the appraisal of the stressor, the next step is for

A majority of immigrants encounter employment disadvantage or discrimination, compared to native-born Canadians. It’s difficult to obtain suitable employment, so immigrant skills are underutilized, earning less income than native-born Canadians (Oreopoulos, 2011; Reitz et al., 2014). A viewpoint on racialized differences asserts that discrimination in employment is an act which negatively affects the employment situation of individuals because of membership in a group, and not because of qualification or capacity to contribute to productivity (discrimination and disadvantage 2014, slide#5). Oreopoulos (2011) observed that, immigrants who entered Canada based on their skills do poorly in the labour market. In another study Reitz and others (2014) argued that, employment discriminatory behavior creates skill underutilization or ‘brain waste’ for immigrants and lowers their human capital value. So, despite entering Canada with high skills level similar to that of native-born Canadians, immigrants have very little success in obtaining skilled-based employment. Prejudice attitude of recruiters or employers may overlap with the social identity theory that asserts that immigrants are seen as cultural threat because they are not distinctly assimilated into the host country (Harrell et al., 2012). Thus, this essay assesses measures of employment discrimination and its significance in Canada.

Along similar lines, Cyrus (1993) and Rothenberg (1988) conceptualize three different types racial discrimination in our society: 1) individual; 2) organizational; and 3) structural. Individual discrimination refers to prejudicial attitudes and behaviors; Organizational discrimination refers to "the well-established rules, policies, and practices of institutions including, education, government; places of employment; and family institutions; and 3) structural discrimination refers to the cyclical nature of discrimination and how it reproduces itself within society. While on the surface most acts of discrimination appear to be inflicted against an individual - or groups of individuals - most are embedded in the very social fabric of society in the policies and practices and are much harder to detect. All forms of discrimination, however, serve to reproduce or maintain structural forms of discrimination. Such forms can be either conscious or unconscious (Cyrus, 1993) and subtle or obvious (Jones, 2000).

Discrimination is defined as “the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.” This mistreatment based on factors beyond our control, like cultural background or race, is prevalent in modern society. Discrimination is one of the most important issues of today´s society to resolve because it leads to stereotyping of different groups of people and the “lack of acceptance” for those who are different.