A behaviorist approach to personality can be used to explain the personality of the character Boo in Monsters Inc. Behaviorists typically do not believe there is an internal structure for what is known as personality, but instead a collection of responses to the environment (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). In addition, Boo is a small child with a limited vocabulary, so it is difficult to analyze her internal traits and motives. Therefore, Boo's personality can be analyzed based on her responses to her environment or in other words, her outward behavior. Boo's personality and how it changes throughout Monsters Inc. can be explained using the Behaviorist theories proposed by Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner. Ivan Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning can be used to explain certain elements of Boo's personality, especially her fear of monsters. In Monstropolis, the monsters employed at Monsters Inc enter into a child's room at night to startle them awake and collect their screams. The unconditioned stimulus differs for each monster as each use a different scare tactic, but most often it is a loud roar or scream. The unconditioned response is fear, exhibited by the child jumping …show more content…
F. Skinner's principle of operant conditioning can also be used to explain elements of Boo's personality. When Boo first enters Monstropolis, Sully does his best to conceal her in order to avoid the negative consequences her presence may have on his scaring career at Monsters Inc. However, Boo is curious and unfortunately for Sully, very loud. In order to keep Boo concealed, Sully uses principles of operant conditioning to modify her behavior. While she is coloring quietly, Sully continuously tosses pieces of cereal into her mouth to increase this behavior. He then uses the same reinforcement to lead Boo to where he has designated her to sleep. The cereal serves as a positive reinforcement for her behavior and aids Sully in keeping Boo's presence in Monstropolis a
Classical conditioning is a form of learning that is taught to us through experiences we encounter in our lives. It involves outside stimuli to trigger the condition we have learned to expect. For example, the sound of a lunch bell would trigger our stomach to start growling soon after hearing the bell ring. The expectation of food to come soon after hearing the bell and satisfy our hunger is what makes our stomach growl. This is something learned over time. Expectations can be both good and bad. Sometimes these negative experiences cause us to have certain behaviors when we are reminded of such an event.
In order to fully evaluate the behaviour of an individual it is vital to be able to identify different personality traits. It is believed that two different processes are involved within the behavioural approach, these are operant conditioning and classical conditioning, although these theories are very different, they all stem from the initial all behaviour is learned and not innate. Ivan Pavlov developed the theory
1. Operant conditioning is a type of behavioral learning developed by made famous by psychoanalysis B.F. Skinner in the late 1930’s. Operant conditioning is the act of learned behavior through consequences. Types of operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.
Explain the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning.
Some ideas cannot be learned while asleep and must be associated with feelings. The way the government in Brave New World manipulates feelings is through a process called classical conditioning. This process was first made famous by a man, which the book alludes to quite frequently, Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning is the process of associating a negative or positive feeling with a specific action. The more complex ideas can be taught to children using classical conditioning, which the Director explains as he gives students a tour of the Hatchery. After children of the Delta class are shown books and flowers, the Director initiates an electric shock and a series of sirens, explosions, and other unpleasant noises in order to make the children
Skinner (1948) was also influenced by Thorndike’s (1898) operant conditioning of cats and went on to use similar techniques to study conditioning in rats. Skinner studied how behaviour that is rewarded will be repeated, unlike behaviour that has a negative consequence. Skinner (1948) placed hungry rats in a ‘skinner box’ with a lever, when the lever was pressed, food was released and the rats soon learned that when they pressed the lever they would be rewarded. Skinner (1948) then placed rats in another box and administered them with an electric current. If the rats pressed the lever in this box it would stop the discomfort of the current. After repeating the rats quickly learnt to press the lever. Skinner (1948) argued that all human behaviour can be learned through operant conditioning (McLeod 2015).
Tarzan learns a lot, from speaking ape, to learning English, observational learning through cognitive learning, classical conditioning, and many more. When Tarzan is speaking with Jane in the jungle for the first time, they hear a gunshot. Jane says Clayton so Tarzan mimics her and says Clayton except Tarzan thinks Clayton means the sound of the gunshot because he associates it with the name said right after the sound of the gunshot. This would be an example of classical conditioning because the gunshot is the conditioned stimulus which brought on the conditioned response (the name Clayton) (Myers, David G and C. Nathan DeWall. Psychology In Everyday Life. Print, p. 171). Tarzan learned a lot from observational learning because he would watch
The behaviorist perspective of personality focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior. Based on the theories of Skinner and Pavlov, Roberto has his personality because of his past experiences in a social environment. B.F. Skinner would relate operant conditioning to Roberto’s personality. Through many punishments and reinforcements by his
When Antonio had the severe flu at seven years old, he ended up going to the hospital. He recovered, but he becomes sick to his stomach every time he passed by the hospital. It is a bright example of classical conditioning because Antonio also experiences PTSD or posttraumatic stress disorder. While hospitalized and sick, Antonio became scared and fearful of dying, therefore when he was back to normal, the hospital brings back a painful memory that results create a conditioned response ("Module 6.2: Classical Conditioning" n.d).
The learning theory of attachment focuses of two concepts; operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning as an explanation for attachment describes the baby receiving food (and unconditioned stimulus) and producing an unconditioned response (happiness) and the mother feeding the baby will be the neutral stimulus. The baby will then experience the mother giving them food (and therefore happiness) a number of times and then learn to associate the mother (now a conditioned stimulus) with the feeling of happiness (a conditioned response) and thus an attachment will form. Operant conditioning describes attachment as a reinforced response. When a
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Classical conditioning is a type of learning theory in which one learns a new behavior through the process of association (McLeod, S. A. 2014). For a new behavior to be created, there first needs to be a naturally occurring stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) that produces an automatic response (unconditioned response). In the case of Scary Mary, the unconditioned stimulus is the midterm exam and the unconditioned response is the stress-related behavior she exhibits like: extreme nausea, insomnia, binge-eating and more. The second stage in classically conditioning someone is to try to create a conditioned stimulus to later get your desired behavior or conditioned response. In order to create a conditioned stimulus, you need to pair a neutral
The following manual is to be used as a guide for anyone wanting to understand how to train their family pet. Included is information regarding classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning; the three learning processes that are involved in training cats and dogs. Classical Conditioning: Classical Conditioning, discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, is a process where a new behaviour is taught when two stimuli, one environmental stimulus and one naturally occurring stimulus, are repeatedly combined; such as pairing food with the ringing of a bell to teach a dog how to sit. Over time the dog will go from responding to the second stimulus (the food) to responding to the first stimulus (the bell) alone. The
Classical conditioning effects everyday life especially in relation to phobias and addiction which will be discussed in this essay. Classical conditioning was founded by Ivan Pavlov. He believed that if a behaviour can be learned, it can also be unlearned too. This essay will highlight the importance of conditioning principles in explaining and treating problem behaviours. Classical conditioning has revolutionised behavioural therapies, such as flooding and systematic desensitisation to treat phobias, and aversion therapies to treat addictive behaviour.
The term behaviorism referred to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the proposition that all things which organisms do — including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors (Staddon, 2001) . And this behavior could be researched scientifically . According to Pavlov, "Respondent Conditioning” resulted from the association of two stimuli, such as causing dogs to salivate at the sound a tuning fork. Consequently, Skinner developed “Operant Conditioning” where the “Stimulus-Response” association was elicited through selective reinforcement (rewards or punishments) to shape behavior. In this regard, behaviorism assumed that a learner was a passive recipient and responding to environmental stimuli. When applying the tenets of Behaviorism to teaching, Skinner asserted that the learner started off as a blank slate, and then his behavior was shaped via positive or negative reinforcement. Behaviorist