Montgomery Bus Boycott Research Paper

National television coverage of the boycott turned King into an overnight celebrity and allowed him to appeal to moderates throughout the country. White resistance to the MIA convinced them to broaden their demands to include complete desegregation of the buses. After almost a year the Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful. In November, 1956 the Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional.

On December 1, 1955, I was on a Montgomery bus and all was calm. I then proceeded to sit by my friend Rosa Parks. We were just having a nice conversation when the driver told us we had to get up,stand, or get off of the bus. I got up and stood in the very back and looked and Rosa wasn’t with me. She was still sitting in her seat. A little later I heard some yelling and in the blink of an eye, Rosa was off of the bus and the police were arresting her. The last thing I ever heard from her was when the bus driver told her he was going to call the police, she said,

supremacist group. The arrests largely brought an end to the busing-related violence. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a very important and vital part in the civil rights movement for many reasons. First, it was the one of the first mass protests on civil rights in the U.S. The Montgomery bus boycott set the stage for other large protests outside the court system to bring fair treatment for African Americans. Second, Martin Luther King came up as a prominent national leader of the civil rights movement while also.keeping true to his commitment to nonviolent protest. Shortly after the boycott' s end, he

The NAACP organizers, particularly the leader, E.D. Nixon decided the most way to gain support and spread the word in black communities in Alabama to enlist the help of local ministers and church leaders. Nixon and NAACP established the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to arrange the boycott and at it, they appointed a twenty-six year old minister, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr as its president. King studied writings of Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas Gandhi. Their teachings prescribed civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance to social justice. As they saw King at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church and heard him say, “the once dormant and quiescent Negro community was now fully awake.” After what Nixon heard and learned from King, he thought King would be a good leader for this boycott.

On the morning of parks trial buses rumbled nearly empty through the streets of Montgomery. By the next morning the council led by Jo Ann Robinson had printed 52,000 fliers asking, Montgomery blacks to stay off the buses. It was an important and an accepted rule that whites sit in the front and the African American riders had to sit in the back of all buses. A group of about 50 African American leaders and one white minister, Robert Graetz, gathered in the basement of Dr. King?s church to endorse the boycott and begin planning a massive rally.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott began with the public arrest of an African American woman and civil rights activist named Rosa Parks. As stated in Document A,”Rosa Parks boarded a city bus and sat down in the closest seat. It was one of the first rows of the section where blacks were not supposed to sit… The bus driver told Rosa Parks that she would have to give up her seat to a white person. She refused and was arrested.” Rosa’s arrest sparked a number of radical events that fought against racial inequality and segregation over the span of thirteen months. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful because it led to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that racial segregation among public transportation (especially buses) was unconstitutional. The Montgomery

Rosa Parks once said, “Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully, we shall overcome.” Rosa Parks was an African- American women in Montgomery, Alabama, who believed in civil rights for African-Americans. It was a time of segregation, the separation of blacks and whites. For instance, blacks were required to sit in the back of the bus, and white people sat in the front of the bus.

Basically, African Americans in Montgomery didn’t take the bus, so it would break the system because there weren’t many cars at the time. This lasted 382 days starting on December 1, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and gained a total of about 50,000 participants. Surprisingly, what lead to this was one African-American, Rosa Parks, who refused to move out of her seat for a white, and as a result, was arrested. The Montgomery bus boycott payed off because in November of 1956, the U.S. supreme court declared the racial bus segregation laws in Alabama unconstitutional, therefore, anyone could sit on the bus wherever they

Due to that success the Montgomery Improvement Association, led by a young minister named Martin Luther King Jr., planned a permanent boycott until their demands were met. They asked for courteous treatment, seating on a first come, first serve basis, and black bus drivers for mostly black bus routes. Businesses and private homes started to feel the effects of the boycott. Whites started to fight back. Blacks were arrested for walking the streets. Dr. King's home was bombed. The boycott lasted eleven months before there were any positive results. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation on Alabama buses was unconstitutional. The boycott was an astounding success and it brought Dr. Martin Luther King to prominence. 1

Montgomery City, Alabama. Black people formed the Montgomery Improvement Association and was led by Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Montgomery Bus. Sparked by what happened to Rosa Parks, the MIA boycotted the Montgomery Bus Company calling for the removal of the segregation. The boycott lasted for 381 days. Segregation on Montgomery Bus system ended.

Despite the great efforts put forth during the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 in which the black community and its supporters refused to use public transportation, transport segregation still remained in some southern states. As a result

contended that the refusal to admit the children to the school was a denial of

In fact, fourteen years later, Farmer recognized the opportunity to incorporate his non-violenct, civil resistance when several southern states continued to separate blacks from whites on their transit system after the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional in 1956. This inspired Farmer to initiate “Freedom Rides”, consisting of civil-rights activists from CORE testing the new law by riding in designated white

In 1900, Montgomery passed a city law to segregate bus passengers by race. Bus Drivers were empowered to assign seats to achieve that goal. According to the law, no passenger would be required to move or give up his seat and stand if the bus was crowded and no other seats were available. Montgomery bus drivers agreed to require black riders to move when there were no white-only seats left. The first four rows of seats on a Montgomery bus were reserved for whites. Buses had "colored" sections for African Americans usually in the rear of the bus. African Americans could sit in the middle rows until the white section filled. African Americans could not sit in the same row or across the aisle as white people. For years, the black community had

In the late eighteen hundreds, the Reconstruction by Congress was overturned by the Supreme Court. Segregation or separation by skin color was made a law which was adopted by private organizations, institutions and businesses (loc.gov). Physical violence and mental harassment was imposed upon those whom were deemed inferior in color. Some citizens accepted the law, as is, without question while others believed it was their supreme right to remain separate without modification. Human activists, that opposed this way of living, pursued an extensive battle to abolish racial inequity and segregation from American life (loc.gov). During the nineteen hundreds, many understood this treatment as an offense to human beings and activists began