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Moral Hazard : Ethical Hazard

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Moral hazard is “where one side of the market cannot observe the actions of the other” (1 R. Varian Hal, Intermediate microeconomics, 7th Edition, 2006). Being a part of asymmetric information where one party knows more information than the other, moral hazard is where the actions from an individual cannot be quantified by the other. In this case the seller’s actions of livestock cannot be quantified or unobserved by the buyer of livestock. The goal of this essay is to discuss the effects of moral hazard in various scenarios, the impact it has on firms and preventative techniques available to gain a more in depth understanding of moral hazard. As mentioned above due to asymmetric information the seller has more information regarding the quality of the livestock than the buyer. There are measures such as “warranties on the sale of livestock” (2 Pindyck/Rubinfield, 7e, Prentice Hall, 2009) to combat asymmetric information livestock sellers may expressively warrant animal health “by describing the animals as disease-free, stating that the animals are from a clean herd, or allowing the buyer to view a disease-free sample of the animals being purchased and stating that the other animals will be similar” (3 Terence J. Centner and Michael E. Wetzstein, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1987). However, “Although warranties solve the problem of the seller having better information than the buyer, they also create a form of moral hazard” (4 Pindyck/Rubinfield, 7e, Prentice

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