More Than Half of the Population of Pakistan Is Food Insecured Despite Agricultural Growth.

More than 70% of rural residents are classified as living in extreme poverty, compared to 36% of urban inhabitants. 83% of Guatemalans have access to sanitation. About 54%

poverty children living in urban versus rural areas. It will highlight and describe the differences

Clearly, we can see from the table that 11% of all households whose total amount of population was 1,837,000 lived in poverty. The proportion of poor single person with no children was 19% (population 54,000), whereas sole parent had 21% people (population 232,000) who lived in poverty. However, couple with no children had a 7% of population (population 211,000) living in poverty, whilst the proportion of poor couple with children who was poor account for 12% (933,000). In addition, there was 6% of single aged person who lived in poverty, whereas only 4% aged people (population 48,000) lived in poverty.

Food security is the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

According to Derek Byerlee, food security can be defined as “the challenge of meeting food and nutritional needs while protecting environmental services.” Based on the definition given by Byerlee, food insecurity will be the exact opposite. Not meeting the food and nutritional needs of a country. Keep this definition in mind as this word will be mentioned throughout the paper.

The other explanation for cause of poverty can be explained through the human capital theory, which asserts that the more education and skills an individual has, the better his/her job will be. There remains a skills gap between the rural and urban dwellers, where it is generally believed the urban dwellers are more skilled that the rural dwellers. This skills gap is attributed as the major cause of poverty among the rural population in the country. The other causes of poverty are related to the changes in the government spending, the economy and family compositions (Haskins & Sawhill, 2007). A welfare system or a church family that doesn’t encourage people to work for their food and one that promotes laziness is not good. But there will be times when disability strikes, when the job market is terrible, or when costs are just too high

Food security is to have availability to food, whether it be for basic nutritional needs, special dietary needs, for example, lactose-free, or personal preferences. For a household to be considered food secure, the tenants must not be living in hunger.  In recent years land degradation, climate change, global water crisis, and greedy land deals, are the main causes of food insecurity.  From a global report in 2006, there are more overweight people (over one billion) than undernourished people (an estimated 800 million).  There are up to 2 billion people in the world, that have a shortage of food security due to several levels of poverty.  The population increases and people desire new and different foods, even though there is already enough, however, this cannot happen because the requirements needed to do this are not available. This leads to challenges in the world, such as accommodating the growing population with food at all times.

Food insecurity is defined as “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable food in socially acceptable ways” (Burke, M.P, Martini, L.H., Cayir, E., Hartline-Grafton, H. L., Meade, R.L.,

Poverty is still a worldwide problem in the 21st century, which urgently needs to be tackled. As one of the rapidly growing and influential nations in the international society, it is significant to look into the poverty alleviation programs of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) as well as how Chinese institutional factors affect income inequality. Since the world’s economy is highly dependent upon China, it is important and timely to examine what problems and solutions China has in terms of poverty reduction and income disparity between the urban and rural areas.

Food security is historically defined as the overall regional, national as well as global food supply and shortfalls in supply as associated to requirements (Foster, 1992). The same author contended that, even though, the increased observation of differences in the sufficiency of food intake by certain groups despite overall adequacy of supply, the term has been applied recently at a local, household, or individual level and it has been widened beyond notions of food supply to include elements of access (Sen, 1981), vulnerability (Watts and Bohle, 1993), and sustainability (Chambers, 1989). Different organizations, scholars and institutions define food security differently. However, basic concept remains the same.

Food Insecurity is defined as access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life, and at a minimum includes the following: the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods and the assured ability to acquire personally acceptable foods in a socially acceptable way, qualified by their involuntariness and periodicity. Even though food insecurity affects everyone in the household, it may also affect them differently. Food insecurity mostly exists whenever food security is limited. Uncertain or limited availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods results chronic diseases psychological, and suicidal syndrome (Cook & Frank, 2008)

As time progresses, factors such as climate change, increase in population growth, the rise of food prices, and other environmental factors are contributors to food security (International Food Policy Research Institute, n.d.). The three main elements that constitutes food security are food availability, food utilization, and food accessibility (Gregory, Ingram, & Brklacich, 2005). This executive memorandum will focus on the

“Odisha ranks second among the poorest states in the country, with Bihar topping the chart.” (Odisha Sun Times Bureau, 2015) “Odisha has the second highest proportion of scheduled caste and tribal people in India, and these communities constitute almost half of the states poor.” (Unicef.in, 2015)

According to previous official poverty estimates, the percentage of the population living below the poverty line had declined from 36 percent in 1993-94 to 27.5 percent in 2004-05. The estimated urban share of the poor population in 2004-05, namely, 25.7 percent at the all‐India level, is generally accepted as being less controversial than its rural counterpart at 28.3 percent that has been heavily criticized as being too low. Since the appropriateness of the poverty line was questioned in some quarters, the Planning commission constituted an Expert Committee under the Chairmanship of late Prof. Suresh Tendulkar to examine the issue in entirety and suggest a new poverty line and estimates. The expert committee submitted its report in December 2009.

The portion of the population living below the national poverty line increased from 30% to 33% between 2003 and 2006, equivalent to an additional 3.8 million poor Filipinos. Slower economic growth here and abroad, a soft domestic labor market, and uncertainties over overseas employment opportunities threaten to push more Filipinos into poverty.