Motivation And Emotion Of Social Needs

Keywords: motivation, emotion, homeostasis, psychological needs, physiological needs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, need for relatedness, competition, exchange relationship, communal relationship, punishment, reward, environment, identity

a) the arousal motive b) the achievement motive c) Maslow's hierarchy of needs d) Zuckerman's dangerousness model

These demands are ranked in the order that they most preoccupy the individual. To illustrate, an individual is not preoccupied by physiological needs such as hunger or thirst then he free to seek out that which gives him a sense of safety; moreover, if the individual isn’t preoccupied with finding a safety, warmth, and shelter, he can spend time time seeking out companionship (Huitt, 2007). Maslow proposes 8 levels of motivational needs, the first four, termed the deficiency needs, need to be fulfilled adequately before the second four, the growth needs, can be achieved. The deficiency needs are: bodily needs, the need for safety, social needs, and self esteem. The Growth needs are: the search for understanding, the need to be aesthetically pleased, self actualization, and finally, self-transcendence, which is the highest level, where one has acquired wisdom (Huitt

Just as judges instruct juries to disregard some statements made in court, we can reverse or erase the effects of communication interactions in everyday life.

Motivation and emotion are closely linked concepts that affect behaviour. Motives affect emotion and emotion has related motivational properties. Motivation is defined as a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a certain manner as it gives directions to our emotions, feelings and actions. Similar to motivation, emotions also activate and affect behaviourisms but emotion is rather a more subjective, complex experience resulting in behavioural changes. (Quizlet.com, 2016) (Alleydog.com, 2016) (En.m.wikiversity.org, 2016)

Motivation has become a term as ubiquitous as it is undefinable. What exactly is motivation and how is it used to achieve a desired result? In many circumstances, individuals are motivated by different aspects at different times in their lives. Compounding this issue further are the environmental factors embedded in an individuals motivation. Depending on an individual's background, he or she may be motivated differently than others of similar socio economic circumstances. As such, it is quite difficult to appraise the merits of a single motivational characteristic or theory. This difficulty has given rise to numerous theories of motivation throughout history, each with its own distinct value. The problem with many of these theories is that they are imperfect by nature and do not encompass all possible options of behavior. This document will focus primarily on the achievement motivation theory established by Harackiewicz, Barron, Carter, Lehto, & Elliot in 1997 and how it can and cannot be used effectively within workplace situations.

Although intrinsic motivation has numerous benefits, few drawbacks of intrinsic motivation should also be considered as well. An intense form of intrinsic motivation can reach to the point that employees can completely lose track of time and space, completely ignore authority and other important tasks, as well as not having enough time to learn or perform other essential tasks while learning and enjoying a particular academic activity. When performing an enjoyable task, a person can lose track of space or self-awareness. Individuals motivated by intrinsic gratification seek an experience for itself, rather than for anticipated rewards. The process is considerably more important to them than the resulting product or outcome, which has them working often

This parallels with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Motivational Model. The true motivators represent a far deeper level of meaning

An external stimulus results in individual’s partaking in activities because there are rewards if they partake or there is a punishment if they do not (Recours, Souville & Griffet, 2004, p. 3). Rather than doing something voluntarily for their enjoyment there is a reason they partake in the activity, for example sporting activities may offer trophies and rewards (Iso-Ahola, 1989,p. 255). This extrinsic reward may motivate individuals to join sporting teams to receive a trophy or reward. Extrinsic rewards can therefore undermine intrinsic motivation by rewarding individuals for something they enjoy doing (Iso-Ahola, 1999, p. 43). Extrinsic motivation can result in the feeling of being controlled and restricted (Iso-Ahola, 1999, p.43). The rewards and sanctions can also affect behaviour, cognitive abilities, creativity and emotions (Iso-Ahola, 1999, p. 43).

Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation has three related components; effort, performance, and reward. It states that people desire rewards they believe can be achieved by putting forth acceptable performance, and that acceptable performance can be achieved by putting forth sufficient effort. In the theory, expectancy is the thought that effort leads to performance, instrumentality is the thought that performance leads to rewards, and valence is the degree that an individual values the rewards. In essence, expectancy links effort and performance, and instrumentality links performance and rewards. If a person has high expectancy, instrumentality, and valence, they will be highly motivated (Nelson, 2015). At the ROM, I wanted to help children enjoy their visit and make extra money for university. Since I needed the money, and I remembered visiting

The Emotional Motivational Theory contributes to the ongoing criminological debate while answering what exactly causes humans to commit crime. It also highlights how crime should be handled and prevented by studying the basic human mind and its functions. I created the Emotional Motivational Theory because it relates to every individual on earth in aspects of human interactions. The theory is based off of the seven emotions we as humans exhibit. The seven emotions consist of: anger, contempt, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise. It is human nature to experience these emotions and this directly correlates with our ways of thinking, feeling, and actions on a day to day basis. The Emotional Motivational Theory ties the seven emotions presented in humans to the major causes of crimes. For the past centuries, criminologists have extensively studied why people commit crimes, but The Emotional Motivational Theory gives a new perspective behind the motivation created by not harnessing emotional instability properly. This is a historical breakthrough relating to the contemporary social conditions in the United States. The Emotional Motivational Theory depicts a wide range of crimes from minor drug use to the worst serial killers of all time, and everything in between. Trying to prevent criminals to stop committing crimes is like telling a new born baby to talk and walk, it takes time and effort, but my theory has a long list of programs that can help prevent crime. We

Social learning theory includes six key concepts; drive-cue-response-reward, modeling, identification, vicarious learning, self-efficiency, and self-reinforcement. Drives are central to behavior and our basic motivation stems from our need to reduce either innate or learned drives. A cue is an environmental stimulus that serves as a signal when a response is rewarded or not rewarded. The connection between cues and responses are strengthened when the response is rewarded either by drive reduction or through socially acquired rewards (Canda, Chatterjee, and Robbins, 2012). Self-efficiency is an individual’s subjective “conceptions of personal efficiency” is an important factor in regulating behavior. Self-reinforcement is when standards are

Osland, et al. (2007) provide a good introduction to three basic motivational content theories. The first theory is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs that proposes man is motivated by a lack in the one or more of the five common needs. The needs that Maslow identifies are physiological, safety, social belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow believed that one fills needs from the most basic (like food and water) to the highest level (self-actualization). Maslow’s ideas are easy to relate to and attempt to provide an all-inclusive approach to the concept of motivation; however, there is little evidence to support the idea that man cannot have self-actualization without the other more basic needs first satisfied. The second content theory Osland, et al. discuss is McCelland’s learned needs. McCelland states that man is motivated by one of three things: achievement, power, or affiliation – or a mixture of the three. Each of these needs can possess a negative or positive connotation or implementation, but it is argued that people motivated by affiliation make better leaders. The third theory presented is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor asserts that Theory X people or employees are inherently lazy and must be controlled and forced to act, whereas Theory Y people are self-controlled, motivated, and ambitious.

One might contemplate an aspect to life may be the pondering existential question; what motivates people to do what they do? The human experience is exceptionally complex due to different variables attributing to our individual experiences. Though each person 's experience is particularly unique to themselves, as a general phenomenon, people seem to have some similarities in experience that bring us together as a bonding universal community. Through many different theoretical lenses, we can look through the study of psychology of how motivation contributes to human behavior of why people do what they do.

A.H. Maslow, a famous social scientist, has given a framework that helps to explain the strength of certain needs. According to him, there seems to a hierarchy into which human needs are arranged as shown in Figure.