Motivational Interviewing And Dietary Counseling For Obesity

Background & Audience Relevance: Childhood Obesity can have an impact on a child’s physical, social, and emotional health. That is why you should be informed and know the outcomes when a child is obese.

Childhood onset overweight and obesity and its’ associated health consequences are quickly becoming major significant public health issues facing America today. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define overweight as a body mass index (BMI) between the 85th and 95th percentile while obese is defined as BMI above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex . The prevalence of overweight children, defined based on 2009 CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics data, has more than tripled in the past 30 years. Between 1980 and 2006, the incidence of overweight among children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 6.5% to 17.0% while overweight levels for adolescents aged 12 to 19 years increased from 5.0% to 17.6% .

Reducing the problem of obesity; there must be an organized educational, political and legislation movement that is supported at the community level. Information from evidence-based practices used by nurses, health care providers, and other collaborators like dieticians, physical therapists, and social workers help the client to achieve a more favorable outcome. These interventions focus on diet, exercise, and behavior modification should be encouraged by nurses. Giving the client the power to identify the factors that contribute to excess food intake, can help the client to eliminate or reduce causes. Establishing realistic weight loss goals and exercise / activity objectives like losing bodyweight 1-2 lb./week increase the likelihood of success, assessing the client’s knowledge and discuss well-balanced diet plans plays major role teaching about diet plans. Discussing behavior modification strategies, such as self-monitoring and environmental management can provide client is the reinforcement that is needed. (Pearson, 2015) Continuing assessment is necessary not only to evaluate the safety or weight loss strategies but also reinforce positive benefits of weight loss. Including families and other stakeholders, such as schools, parks, private partners and politicians at all levels, we can make the obesity issue a focus for change. (John, F., & Kirsten, P., 2014). For programs like this to be successful, outcomes should not

In a research article by Gee, Chin, Ackerson, Woo & Howell, (2013) from the years of 1970 to 2000 the pediatric population in the U.S. tripled in obesity rates, interestingly from the year 2000 – 2010 BMI’s have held steady yet a staggering 30.4% of this population were either overweight or labeled obese. Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) performed a research study in 2001, which had three goals related to the study

Obesity is a prevalent public health epidemic that we face today. Billions of dollars in the United States alone are being spent yearly to cover medical treatment for ailments triggered by this disease (Lee, Sheer, Lopez and Rosenbaum 2010). According to Public health Reports, federal and state governments currently are accountable for at least half of the medical expenses encountered from one being overweight and obese (Lee et al., 2010). Medicaid has the highest popularity of obese customers when compared to Medicare, private insurances, or even those uninsured. In 2004 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) acknowledged obesity as a medical condition. Children receiving Medicaid benefits are covered by the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) program (Lee et al., 2010). This program covers health assessments from birth to age 21. Obese children under the (EPSDT) are eligible to receive free nutritional and behavioral education regarding this disease. Evidence based guidelines have proven that regular screenings and early intervention can have a great impact on decreasing childhood obesity. Unfortunately, not all states enforce these guidelines and this is where children often fall into the cracks. It is still an individual’s choice to follow through.

I developed the PICOT question, in adults with a diagnosis of obesity, how effective is behavioral counselling compared to education on diet and nutrition in reducing the body mass index. To answer the PICOT question this paper will explore published articles that report the results from research that showed a reduction in body mass index from education on diet, exercise and behavioral counselling. As a clinician, along with my peers, we will be at the forefront in treating patients who suffer from obesity and its contributing health problems. Researching effective management will be beneficial to the Practitioner practice as well as the patients we serve.

This section of the evaluation describes the population and sample, sampling procedures, instrumentation, data collection procedures, and analysis process of the evaluation. Given the enormity of the obesity epidemic, the question arises as to where efforts should be focused to most effectively address to the problem. The most effective strategy to combat the obesity epidemic would be to develop and employ prevention and intervention plan targeted towards children and adolescents. As it has been found that behavioral change is an essential component of both prevention and management programs for childhood obesity, we identify this age group as these are the formative years in setting the foundation for better life choices. By targeting this group, research has found that they are far more receptive and responsive to efforts directed at changing behavior, increases the likelihood that positive results will be achieved. In this effort we have gathered quantitative and qualitative data that has produced the best methods for this evaluation; and it will enable further design and development of other programs and initiatives at the conclusion of this assessment.

The epidemic of obesity has been a serious public health concern in the United States. The rapid increase in the prevalence of this epidemic has shown to be higher among ethnic groups (Klohe, 2004). In addition, those of lower socioeconomic status are 50% more likely to be obese than those from higher education/income backgrounds (U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, 2001). For children, obesity can lead to serious health outcomes such as asthma, insulin resistance, orthopedic abnormalities, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea (American Obesity Association, 2002). For example, almost 60% of overweight children aged 5-10 already have encountered one cardiovascular risk factor and approximately 18% have had two or more (Freedman et al., 1999). Intervening early to encourage proper food choices is critical because once poor dietary habits are established; they can be hard to change. A big tie to obesity can be related to mother and child relationship (Melgar-Quinonez et al. 2004). Studies have shown that a family based approach to changing life style, diet, and physical activity is critical for the prevention of a child being obese. For these reasons, having a program that manages obese mothers to encourage physical activity and dietary modification is critical to prevent cases of the obesity epidemic for their children.

A preponderance of evidence in research literature shows that prevention should be the primary strategy for intervention and treatment of childhood obesity. The primary goal should be the prevention of its onset and a secondary goal of preventing weight increase after it has been successfully lost (Mahmood, 2015). Primarily, the strategy should be to address the controllable factors of obesity by educating children and parents/guardians on the risk factors and the strategies and/or methodologies for successful prevention and control. Several studies have explored such interventions during well-care visits and coordinated approaches in

Childhood obesity is a significant problem in our society, and has become one of the most prevalent health conditions affecting the welfare of children (Siegel & Parker, 2008). Research indicates that since the 1980’s the incidence of a BMI at the 95th percentile or higher has tripled among school age children and adolescents and remains at approximately 17% (Ogden et al, 2010). In addition, obese children today are heavier, in general, than obese children in the past. (Estabrooks, Fisher, & Hayman, 2008). According to Sharkey, Yetter, Felix & Furlong (2006), childhood obesity may have multiple, potentially negative effects on children, and has been linked to a number of physical, social, emotional and psychological ailments.

One of the serious public health issues in the United State is obesity in children.”Obesity a condition with an excess accumulation and storage of fat content in the body is also defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex. (CDC, 2014). The rationale to choose this specific population is that obesity increases the risk for any serious physical complication in children such as diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, breathing problems, hepatic

Throughout the world, the obesity epidemic is growing with dramatic magnitude. Childhood obesity is no different. In the United States, 36.5% of adults are overweight or obese, 17.0% among U.S. youth.1 Childhood obesity rates have continued to soar over the recent years, along with the health problems resulting from obesity. While there is no question about the rapid increase in overweight or obese children in the United States, the causes and solutions are less transparent. Children are more susceptible to the obesity epidemic, they have fewer tools to deal with the increasing and overwhelming number of factors that contribute to the epidemic.3 Some of which include the limited access to healthy affordable foods in low-income areas, increased portion sizes, and greater available of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages.1 There are a plethora of health problems that are caused by obesity. To name a few, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, breathing problems such as asthma, fatty liver disease, low self-esteem and low quality of living, and impaired social, physical, and emotional function.1 Additionally, childhood obesity leads to premature mortality in adulthood as well as physical morbidity. The effects of childhood obesity do not end when a child outgrows an age, it continues with them and has impacts for the rest of their lives.2

One of the attributes that made this program effective was its focus on correcting the common misconceptions of childhood obesity and educating parents on the differences. The study utilized surveys as communication tools throughout the program that better aided the study in what area of education was needed the most. This study was designed for headstart aged children, but “results of this study could also be used by community organizations looking to create locally meaningful and relevant campaigns targeting childhood obesity” (GreenMills, Davison, Gordon, Li, & Jurowski, 2017).

Obesity, along with over weight, have rapidly risen over the past years. In particularly obesity within children has nearly doubled causing an increase in intervention and treatments to reduce this epidemic. Obesity is linked to the development of different health issues, including heart problems, cholesterol, and diabetes. In order to reduce these health risk factors, it is important to introduce those at risk to weight loss interventions and treatments. But implementating some weight loss interventions and treatments to children may be difficult. Most interventions and treatment require the involvement of the caregiver to change and promote a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the interventions and treatments require resources, time and support

In this study, researchers sought to use known and effective intervention components to design a common practice intervention program that is designed to improve the physical fitness and reduce the weight of obese children. The participants to the program were elementary school students who were either referred by their parents or by a physician or school nurse with parental approval. The intervention was planned and developed by an interdisciplinary team that included physical therapists, medical, nutritionists, and exercise and fitness specialists. They setup a facility that had a fully equipped (adult and children) exercise room, fitness center, educational/meeting room, and restroom/changing room. After a 2-week pre-intervention assessment,