Mrsa Research Paper

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or more commonly, MRSA, is an emerging infectious disease affecting many people worldwide. MRSA, in particular, is a very interesting disease because although many people can be carriers of it, it generally only affects those with a depressed immune system; this is why it is so prevalent in places like nursing homes and hospitals. It can be spread though surgeries, artificial joints, tubing, and skin-to-skin contact. Although there is not one specific treatment of this disease, there are ways to test what antibiotics work best and sometimes antibiotics aren’t even necessary.

Health care providers and visitors are required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow strict hand hygiene procedures. Contaminated rooms, surfaces, and laundry items are properly disinfected to prevent the spread of MRSA. In addition to policy and procedures, patient teaching is also helpful for preventing exposure and spread of MRSA. As aforementioned earlier, hand hygiene is key to prevent exposer or transmission of the bacteria. To properly wash your hand effectively, first scrub hands rapidly for at least 15 seconds. Next, use a disposable towel to dry them and another towel to turn off the faucet. In addition, hand sanitizer that contains 62 percent or more of alcohol may be an adequate substitute when the individual does not have access to soap and water (Mayo Clinic Staff,

MRSA is spread by contact, so for example, touching another person who has it on the skin, or by touching objects the bacteria has transferred to. These particular infections are frequent amongst those with weak immune systems and those in hospitals, nursing homes, care centers, etc., because the superbugs crop up around surgical wounds or invasive devices such as catheters or implanted feeding tubes. The

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, is a bacterium that is resistant to many available high- level beta-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, “antistaphylococcal” penicillins and cephalosporins. Staphyloccoci are the most important bacteria that cause disease in humans. MRSA is sometimes branded as a nosocomial infection as it usually plagues patients that are receiving treatment in a hospital. The skin is the most common site of infection, where MRSA can cause cellulitis, folliculitis, or boils in the skin, but can also commonly be found in the nose, underarm, groin, upper respiratory tract, intestine, vagina and rectal areas of the body. MRSA infections occur with there is a break in the skin that allows the Methicillin resistant

The problem with control methods is that once using them for a long period of time they become resistant and no longer work effectively resulting and finding new methods and will also result in them becoming resistant. (Cooper, et al 2004) has found that hospitals have stayed with three control methods guidelines that include restrictions of antibiotics, washing your hands and having a proper hygiene and the ability to detect and isolate patients who are infected with MRSA . The best method that hospitals are taking into consideration is isolating infected colonized patients, because it is known that patient to patient transmit infections do occur more than any other way. Data research has been found that the safest way to prevent further contamination of the spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus is to follow these three proper safety guidelines (Chaberny, et al

The main hospital strains are already partially or fully resistant to the effects of commonly used antibiotics. Resistance is also emerging to last resort drugs like vancomycin. The more virulent community strains of MRSA are infiltrating hospitals while the more resistant hospital strain is leaking into the community. The history of MRSA as described in Superbug shows how quickly bacteria can evolve when we add a strong selective force like antibiotics. Around the world, species of bacteria are becoming “superbugs” that are resistant to conventional treatments. Pharmaceutical companies are cutting research on new antibiotics in favor of more profitable investments. We are quickly running out of options for treating multi-drug resistant bacteria. As we move toward a “post-antibiotic” world, there are valuable lessons to be found in the history of MRSA, one of the first superbugs. Students in Emerging Diseases should read Superbug to learn about the complex emergence of

MRSA which is short for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus is a staph or skin contamination that is resistant to a part of the most grounded anti-toxins. At the point when Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Auereus was initially found a few years prior when it spread in many healing centers and after that into the group, this contamination was known as one of the primary diseases to be resistant to the most effective anti-microbials. Staph contaminations have been referred to following the mid twentieth century as one of the deadliest infections. Staphylococcal contaminations are maladies brought about by various staphylococcal microscopic organisms. Twenty to thirty percent of all sound people get this contamination in the

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a strain of staph bacteria which has developed resistance to the antibiotics designed to treat common staph infections (Winterstein, 2009, p.189). Originally viewed as a hospital pathogen, MRSA has now begun to appear in the community. Hence, the infection is now distinguished by its origin, defined as hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The close proximity of athletes, who often share soap, towels, and other items commonly used in the dressing room, as well as the vigorous physical contact involved in sporting activity (both practice and competition), have led to MRSA becoming a concern in athletics. MRSA is a concern because it can lead to severe infection and even morbidity (Indeed, athletes have become a target population for MRSA. A recent study of 377 varsity college athletes at Vanderbilt University confirms that those involved in contact sports were more than twice as likely to carry MRSA (Jiminez-Truque, 2014). It is believed that the higher prevalence of MRSA in contact sports is a result of the increased skin-to-skin contact which can lead to abrasions and cuts, which permit the superbug to enter the body and colonize it (Jiminez-Truque, 2014). Treatment of MRSA involves draining of abscesses, combined with administration of powerful antibiotics, usually intravenously (Winterstein, 2009, p.187). Since MRSA is resistant to the antibiotics developed to treat it

Prevention efforts in a variety of healthcare settings have been shown to significantly decrease healthcare associated MRSA. However, the frequency of hand hygiene and the consistent use of contact precautions are often found to be inadequate or improperly implemented (Yamakawa et al., 2011).

Community acquired MRSA infections normally start off as skin infections such as pimples, insect bites, cuts and scrapes. Healthcare associated MRSA can begin with an infection of the skin like a wound (often a surgical site) or where medical devices placed such as IV lines, catheters or other devices. Most people who are infected get infected when they have been in hospitals or other healthcare settings like nursing homes and dialysis center. A lot of MRSA cases can

MRSA is a possible life threatening infection that affects over eighty thousand people every year. MRSA affects everyone including healthy people. Between 25-30 percent of healthy people are colonized with this staph bacteria on their skin and in their nose. People also may become infected by touching an infected person or contaminated objects. Therefore, MRSA can spread easily among people with close contact to one another. This infection is commonly transmitted from infected family members and loved ones. Furthermore, MRSA is a type of staph infection that resist antibiotics. Overall, treating MRSA is difficult.

There are many ways that MRSA can be prevented. The best way to fight off the bacteria that cause this infection is to simply have good hygiene. To prevent this infection you should always wash your hands and use hand sanitizer frequently. Make sure to shower after any kind of physical activity to get rid of the bacteria on your body that appears when you sweat. Also, keep cuts or scrapes covered and cleaned out until they have fully healed and avoid touching anyone else’s open wounds. It is also not a good idea to share personal items like clothes, towels, and razors with other people.

According, to doctors and scientists all over the world it is concluded with evidence that the strain Staphylococcus aureus is methicillin resistant because of the way individuals abuse the antibiotics and take high dosages when not needed nor prescribed by an attending physician or professional. Because of the high death mortality rate and the danger that this bacterium poses, it is very important to understand the different aspects of this strain, including the causative agent, how the pathogen affects the body, and also how the body fights this strain in order to properly protect individuals from this strain (MRSA,2015).

MRSA is known to be very contagious. The way a person attains this specific infection is through physical contact. Meaning if one has a cut or open wound the disease can enter there upon being transmitted the infection by another individual. People don’t necessarily have to come into contact with those infected in order for them to contract it. People are actually more susceptible contracting it through certain surfaces that have been contaminated by the disease. Common places to attain this disease are places with constant traffic of people such as hospitals, gyms, locker rooms, or pools.

For hospital MRSA (HA-MRSA) is you are positive for MRSA in a wound or colonized you are placed on contact precautions and surface that has or can become contaminated is disinfected (Mayo). Colonized means that you have MRSA bacterium in your nose which is the most common place for it to thrive. For these patient using triple antibiotic inside the nares for a week to 10 days will decrease the colonization and risk for it getting into an open wound. For both types of MRSA hand washing is the number one defense on stopping the spread. All it takes is 15 seconds of hand scrubbing and drying them with a throw away towel. If hand washing is not feasible at that point of time hand sanitizer with 62% of alcohol can be substituted (Mayo). Other key to prevent community MRSA (CA-MRSA) is keeping wounds covered, not sharing personal items, showering after participating in any athletic event, and sanitizing linens.