Multicultural Empires

The Byzantium Empire had lost considerable territory to the Seljuk Turks. In 1095, Alexius 1 of the Byzantine empire sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West to help confront the Turkish threat. The relations between Christians in the East and West had long been fractured, but Alexius’s request came at a time when the situation was improving and Pope urban the second agreed to send help. (History.com)

The Silk Road went through towns and lead straight to the town that they needed to go to. They had to go through mountains but it was easier than having to go through the desert and around the towns.

2. For centuries, Christian pilgrims from Europe had been making the long, dangerous journey to the Holy Land. There, they visited shrines such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Under early Islamic empires, Christians were allowed to make this pilgrimage. Then, in the early 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered the Holy Land. The Seljuk Turks closed the pilgrimage routes and attacked Christian pilgrims. They also attacked Christian lands held by the Byzantines in Anatolia.

The Silk Road was not a single road, it was an entire network of trade routes connecting China and many other countries throughout Asia and the Middle East. This network acquired its name from the beautiful, fine desired silk fabrics from China although it was not called the Silk Road till later in 1877 by Ferdinand von Richthofen. The Silk Road stenches 4000 miles from China to Europe although the path stenches that far people almost never make the whole trip for the road had varying paths to stop on and hidden dangers. The Silk Road was a major accomplishment for ancient China because it allowed the spread of culture, technologies, goods and customs to the Middle East even as far as Egypt. The same was true for customs and traditions coming

The Crusades, a series of wars, are an extremely important part of history in the 12th century, occurring during the Middle Ages. The Middle East or the Holy Land was always a place that Christians traveled to to make pilgrimages. The Seljuk Turks eventually took control of Jerusalem and all Christians were not allowed in the Holy City. As the Turks power grew, they threatened to take over the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I, asked Pope Urban II for help and Pope agreed, hoping to strengthen his own power. He He united the Christians in Europe and In 1095, Pope Urban II waged waged war against muslims in order to “reclaim the holy land.”

The Crusades were a series of holy wars that began in 1095 CE. These wars were fought between Christians and Muslims to gain control over the sacred land. The Turks moved into the middle east during the early part of the 11th century CE. Most of the Turks served the Islamic armies and would invade land rapidly using combat forces. This alarmed the Greek emperor and caused him to seek out Pope Urban II and ask for mercenary troops to confront the Turks. The Pope called a council and had 300 attendees to show up. During this council, the Pope made a plea to free the Holy Land, which received an enthusiastic response. After this, Pope Urban II promptly waged war against the Muslims and took armies of Christians to Jerusalem to try and

The First Crusade took place from 1096 to 1099. When the Byzantine army was defeated by the Seljuk Turks at the battle of Manzikirt, this created an outburst of chaos and civil war within themselves. When Alexius Comnemus took the throne, she decided to send Pope Urban II a letter asking for help. Pope Urban made a speech declaring the call for a Crusade to fight against the Seljuk Turks. Urban asked Christians to join forces to work to free the Holy Land from Muslim invaders.

The Silk Road was an intricate and evolving network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for centuries. The trade route was key to the diffusion and transportation of technology, goods, religions, and language throughout Asia, the Mediterranean, Africa and southern Europe. As the strongest link between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Road was one of the most important of all long-distance trade routes in human history.

The First Crusades was a military group that was started by Christians in Europe who wanted to gain back the Holy Land that was being occupied by the Muslims. Pope Urban II preached a sermon at Clermont Ferrand on November 1095. Most histories consider this speech to be the spark the fueled a wave of military campaigns to gain back the Holy Land. This speech was meant to unite the Europeans and to gain back what was taken from them. The holy land was a small area on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. The First Crusades was a very successful military expedition that was driven by religious faith to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy places that fell under Muslim control. driven by religious faith. They wanted to gain back the Holy Land that was once theirs. Arabs and the Muslim Turks otherwise known as the Seljuk Turks were the Muslims that invaded and conquered land rightfully occupied by the Christian’s. Many European men, women, and children joined the Crusades and fought in the Middle East. Pope Urban II granted forgiveness of all sins to those who died in battle thus assuring them ascendancy into heaven. Which gave those who volunteered to fight assurance. Nobles and peasants responded in great numbers to the call and marched across Europe to the capital of the Byzantine empire. Having the support of the Byzantine emperor helped make them a stronger army. The Crusaders took over many of the cities on the Mediterranean coast and built a large number of fortified castles across the Holy Land to protect their newly established territories. Soon after seizing power the Seljuks face a very different challenge to Islamic civilization. It came from Christian Crusaders. Knights from western Europe who were determined to capture portions of the Islamic world that made up the holy land of biblical times. Muslim political division and element of surprise made the first of the Crusaders assaults, between 1096 and 1099, by far the most successful. Much of

The Silk Road was different roads and routes that made up a big trading network.Reason #1, to say is that over centuries the Silk road spread a lot of goods and ideas . It says in document A that goods and ideas spread across the Silk Road for centuries.Some evidence to support my reason is like silk, iron, bronze and many more from China. Then some from Central Asia is like the Ferghana Horse. Then from Africa such as ivory, and rhinoceros horn. To almost say from India spices, and Buddhism. Finally from Europe, music and glassware.My second reason is that they used a camel to carry their large loads and they only needed a little bit of water.It says in the article called The Silk Road it says that they owe an important part of it’s success

Throughout the 11th century, the Byzantine Empire began to receive many attacks from invading Seljuk Turks. It was this that caused Byzantine Emperor Alexius to ask for Pope Urban II for support in their fight against the Turks. Pope Urban II called upon the western Christians to aid the Byzantines and to recover the Holy Land in the year 1095.The people's overwhelming response to his call as European Christians lept at the opportunity to fight the Muslims and to Recover their Holy Land.

Trades were created between southern China, India, various islands of Southeast Asia, and the East African coast. The Sea Road had greater goods than the Silk Road considering that they were using ships rather than camels and caravans. The cost of transportation was much lower than that of the Silk Road because of how the ships supplied larger and heavier cargoes than camels. This allowed the ships to carry more bulk goods and products in the mass market.

Throughout the development of human communication, no service proved more useful than that of the Silk Road. It was a network of trade, employing travelers to trek across the world to buy and sell goods along the eastern hemisphere. This constant web of bartering and trading led to societies becoming more intertwined and connected with one another, creating a large social and economic trades. Throughout 500 BCE - 1000 CE, the eastern hemisphere experienced a series of changes and continuities directly from the emergence of the Silk Road. The eastern hemisphere societies underwent heavy population increase due to trade, but the purpose of the Silk Road never changed. Some trade routes that comprised the entire network include overland trade from China to Rome and the Indian Ocean Sea Lanes that joined Asia, Africa,and the Mediterranean basin.

In addition to the horrors carried out by the Seljuk horde on Christians and their shrines, the Byzantines were also begging the pope to protect their empire from other Turkish tribes. Urban II's main incentive for answering this plea for help was not entirely contingent on the letter he received from the Holy Roman Emperor, but more so from the notion that the Eastern and Western sects of the church could be unified. Moreover, they might be fused under the Pope, granting him sovereignty over the entire Christian church. This Papal hope has been revealed to historians through, among other sources, the different accounts of his speech at Clermont. For example, Guibert of Nogent recalls the pope declaring: "And you ought, furthermore, to consider with the utmost deliberation, ..., that the Mother of churches should flourish anew to the worship of Christianity, whether perchance, [God] may not wish other regions of the East to be restored to the faith against the approaching time of the Antichrist" (Peters, Guibert of Nogent, 35). Unfortunately, the Holy Roman Emperor feared his throne was in jeopardy due to the large number of crusaders that arrived to drive out the Turks. He demanded that they press on towards the Holy Land, and for reasons that need not be discussed, strong ties with the Papacy were severed soon

Silk was an important item that was traded and began during the Han Dynasty. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes and the first marketplace that allowed people to spread beliefs and cultural ideas across Europe and Asia. Merchants and traders of many countries traveled technologies, diseases and religion on the Silk Road; connecting the West and East. They also imported horses, grapes, medicine products, stones, etc. and deported apricots, pottery and spices. The interaction of these different cultures created a cultural diffusion. The road consisted of vast and numerous trade routes that went between China and Europe.