Multinational Command Operations
The multinational coalition to be formed aims to provide support for Azerbaijan with the constant violent pressures exerted on them by Ahurastan. The new coalition would be organized as revealed in the chart below:
The control would be possessed by the United States National Force, which would report to the United States European Command. The two primary subdivisions of the coalition would be the Diplomatic representation and the Combat Commanding representation. These two divisions are parallel command structures and they are equally important in managing conflicts.
The diplomatic representation would always represent the first solution to attempting to resolve a conflict and its subordination to the US National Force would be defined by the coordinating authority. In other words, the diplomats would continually collaborate with the United States National Force to seek new ways to diplomatically resolve conflicts. While the role of the diplomatic agency is undisputable, the US National Force would determine when negotiations end and when it is time for armed intervention. In this setting, the relationship of collaboration and authority is highlighted.
The structure of the combat commanders is more complex and it can be divided into two categories the active structures and the passive structures. The active structures are the defense and the combat structures, whereas the passive structures are the planning and logistics structures.
1. ISSUE. Provide the USEUCOM Commander an overview of Azerbaijan’s approach to the situation in the Caucasus Region.
Each of them may adopt behavior that ranges from the very passive,through facilitative to the highly active.The form and character mediation in a particular international conflict are determined by the context of both the international system and the conflict itself,the issues,the parties involved,and the identity of the mediator.The important of this reciprocal influence can hardly be overemphasized (Berovitch , ,p.133)
a. Coalition Legitimacy: Empowering, strategic utilization, and promoting of coalition forces (and regional population) while minimizing overt U.S. presence.
In early January 2002, American intelligence received evidence of a large volume of enemy forces assembling in the Shahi Kot Valley in Eastern Afghanistan. Central Command (CENTCOM), led by General Tommy R. Franks, was directing combat operations in Afghanistan through the Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) and Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC). As the interest in assaulting the Shahi Kot Valley amplified, General Franks reached a conclusion that a U.S. tactical commander was a need in Afghanistan. The decision was to assign the 10th Mountain Division Commander, Major General (MG) Franklin Hagenbeck, as the tactical commander. In an effort to strengthen MG Hagenbeck’s command authority, CENTCOM named his headquarters Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain and gave it command and control authority over Operation Anaconda. By having command and control authority, MG Hagenbeck would encounter challenges with the command structure. The challenges of command structure were due to CJTF Mountain not having tactical control (TACON) of multiple Special Operation Forces, the Joint Special Operations Air Component (JSOAC), and friendly Afghanistan forces. These misunderstandings were resolved during the execution phase, but rectifying the command relationships prior would have avoided lost time and resources needed on enemy forces and positions. In this paper, I will identify the challenges of command structure during Operation Anaconda.
9. All nation assistance operations are usually coordinated with the _____ through the country team. The US ambassador
Diplomacy is the art of dealing with foreign countries and their people in a sensitive and effective way. The ability to influence people and situations contributes to effective American diplomacy. In The Ugly American William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick comment on the nature of American diplomacy in 1950s Southeast Asia. They identify the characteristics and effects of both inept and skilled diplomacy. The book highlights knowledge of language, history, and culture as critical components to the ability to influence indigenous populations. In many ways the situations and characters described in the book mirror situations and challenges faced by Special Operations Forces (SOF) today. Special Operations Imperatives are a planning tool that SOF use to influence people and situations they encounter. In order to understand the influence and effects of proper application of the Special Operations Imperatives the stories of Homer Atkins, Colonel Hillandale and Solomon Asch provide a setting to compare and contrast with my own experiences in Afghanistan, Iraq and Jordan.
Many Americans make a choice to serve in the military, knowing they could have to make the ultimate sacrifice for our country. During Operation Anaconda, many great Soldiers paid this ultimate sacrifice. Further review many experts have deemed this as an unnecessary loss of life due to a multitude of factors we will explore. This Operation has been viewed as a great success in times of uncertainty and challenges. Ultimately, the enemy was defeated but what could have been done differently? The higher headquarters command structure for Operation Anaconda faced challenges planning, making timely decisions, and communicating which lead to mission gaps while developing lessons learned for future joint operations.
In 1943 the British and American Allies shared a common language and a common enemy, but they disagreed on the war’s grand strategy. (site) General George Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, wanted to conduct a cross channel invasion bringing the fight directly to the Germans. Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister, wanted to fight in the edges of the Axis territory and exploit the soft underbelly of Southern Europe. (site) These strategic differences culminated in the Sicily Campaign, where the Allies’ command and control function, in many cases, proved to be inadequate to consistently integrate joint functions at the operational level, as it failed to ensure all senior leaders adhered to the three key attributes for Mission Command and,
Following their success in North Africa, the Allied decision to invade Sicily was an appropriate next step towards defeating Axis powers. Operation HUSKY, the first phase of the Italian campaign, supported the Allied strategic goals of opening Mediterranean shipping lanes, diverting German forces off of the Eastern front and encouraging Italy to exit the Axis. HUSKY resulted in Allied Forces securing the island, despite leadership failures and the ineffective coordination of joint functions at the operational level. A two part analysis of the Allied Force operational level joint functions during Operation HUSKY follows. The first will evaluate the joint function of command and control using the three attributes of mission command from joint doctrine: commander’s intent, mutual trust, and understanding. The second will evaluate the integration of two of the remaining joint functions using the definition of integration from joint doctrine.
In today’s trend towards a more globalized world, there are many global entities that each state chooses or chooses not to participate in. Two of the largest International Global Organizations are the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); both of which the United States of America belongs to. There are stark contrasts between how the UN and NATO are run. For this reason, the United States’ foreign policy and defense may be better served in one of these entities compared to the other. Some may argue that the United States (US) is best represented with being part of the UN because it allows the US to discuss its ideas and plans with practically all states around the globe. On the other hand, people may argue that
In the field of International relations, one of the most important instruments is referred to as Diplomacy. Diplomacy according to various scholars is extremely important in the process of implementing a country’s foreign policy and its various objectives in the international community. Some scholars describe diplomacy as a communication process between international actors that seek through negotiation to resolve certain issues and also to push their foreign policy objectives. Research states that the act of conducting negotiations between two people or two nations at a large scope is essential to the upkeep of international affairs. Without diplomacy, some scholars state that much of the world’s affairs would be abolished. Institutions like international organizations would not be possible, and above all the world would be at a constant state of war. Scholars of international relations state that it is due to diplomacy that the majority of states exist in harmony. Diplomacy is split into two types of diplomacy, which are referred to as Traditional Diplomacy and New Diplomacy. Traditional Diplomacy refers to the diplomatic process only being conducted by Monarchs (kings and queens) and was seen as a process of pushing their own individual gains and was normally conducted in secret. New Diplomacy called for the diplomatic process to be more open, it involved government and non-government actors, unlike in traditional diplomacy which only involved government actors such as
The United States Army has implemented models called the Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs) and the Operations Process in order to facilitate a commander 's capacity to effectively and efficiently organize a task. When these models are executed together, they create a framework for leaders at various levels to excel in any situations they might encounter. Understanding the significance of the relationship between these models requires an in-depth understanding of each of them specifically. Each step of the Troop Leading Procedures contains numerous factors which reflect upon the other steps as well as the entire Operations Process. Likewise, each aspect of the Operations Process profoundly influences the decisions made throughout the TLPs. When applied together correctly, the Operations Process and Troop Leading Procedures provide a structure for strong and adaptable operational leadership.
According to Milan Vego in, Joint Operational Warfare: Theory and Practice, he defined Operational Art as, “a component of military art concerned with the theory and practice of planning, preparing, conducting, and sustaining campaigns and major operations aimed at accomplishing strategic or operational objectives in a given theater.” (p. I-4) Even though I am not in the business of defining the term Operational Art, I would still suggest amongst all of the various definitions that I have read this one definition by Vego appears to be practicable and serves its purpose well. For any military action, there must be planning, sustaining, executing of a mission such that theater objectives are met. In other words, a belligerents Center of Gravity must be identified through means of military and policy actions to obtain success.
The multifunctional nature of Operations Management requires a high level of process- and system-based synchronization across many different departments and divisions to be successful. The structural organization of the US Army is heavily dependent on Operations Management for missions to be accomplished, and long-term strategic visions to be attained (VanVactor, 2007). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how the five areas of accounting, industrial engineering, management, management science and statistics, in conjunction with critical path analysis and linear programming, are used extensively throughout the US Army's supply chain operations.
The point is well taken, but Holland gives it excessive weight. Like their brethren in Detroit and Pittsburgh, domestic tool-makersin the 1970s were too complacent when imports seized the lowerend of the product line. The conservatism that had for years servedthem in their cyclical industry left them ill-prepared for change. Evennow some of the largest U.S. tool-makers are struggling to restructure. Blame the government, yes. But blame the industry, too.