Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Personality is a complex area of Psychology, which has been studied for many years, by many experts in the field. Each having their own ideas about how to understand, study and evaluate it. Here I will introduce personality briefly, looking at the theories behind it. Then explain the need for testing. As there are many test that are available to use, for the purpose of this essay I will look at The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and discuss the reliability and validity of some studies around these tests.

After taking the Big Five Personality Assessment, I was able to decode certain aspects of my personality and analyze whether different strengths and weaknesses. One strength I found was me openness to experience. Being open to others and their ideas has broadened my horizons. I have found that I have so much to learn from others. Whether their ideas are positive or negative, they provide feedback which overall has increased my communication skills. This is a recent strength for me. With prior companies, change was delivered as bad news, we were not taught to work with our peers but rather compete. With my new company I am experiencing the opposite side of the spectrum. I am encouraged to communicate with anyone needed, regardless of

As multiple aspects of the MCMI-III have been discussed, it is important to highlight the strengths and limitations of this test as well. One important feature of this test, and the rest of the MCMI tests, is that the author is a leading theorist in the diagnosis and categorization of personality disorders (Widiger, 2001). Therefore, he possesses an incredibly complex and diverse understanding of personality disorders, which may serve as a legitimate reason that his test was able to become prominent so quickly. Overall, Choca (2001) stated that the MCMI-III used personality prototypes that align with the way in which clinicians typically think, as the scales were aligned with the Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV). Therefore, the diagnostician using this test has the luxury of referring to the DSM-IV when assessing the areas of functioning covered by the test scales (Choca, 2001).

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) “is an introspective self-report questionnaire designed to indicate psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions” (13). It is one of several personality assessments that is popular among modern mental health experts throughout the world. Currently, it is estimated that the MBTI is “taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages (10). “The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality inventory is to make the theory of psychological types described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people 's lives” (4).

If Amtrak and Metrolink want to use personality tests on their employees, the MMPI would be most effective. The positives of this test far outweigh the cons. The test examines everything about a person, from their self-esteem to emotions. It can also identify any signs of disorder in an individual. It is also widely used by many different companies to assess the success a person might have in a high-risk public safety position. The MMPI is widely considered to be the most reliable personality test. It dives much deeper into a person's psyche than any of its counterparts, like the Rorschach Test. The only downside to the MMPI is the amount of time it takes to complete. With 567 true-false questions, it can take a while to complete, but the information

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 or MMPI-2 is a widely used, 567-item, standardized personality inventory, which measures personality characteristics. The test includes several validity scales, which assist the assessor to analyze the validity of the overall test results (Groth-Marnat, 2009) and the test-taking attitude (Friedman, Bolinsky, Levak, & Nichols, 2014). The scales allow detecting the client’s intention to fake the result.

The NEO- PI-R is a self -administered questionnaire based on the Five Factor Model. The NEO PI-R is considered to be a concise measure of the five factor domains of personality (Costa & McCrae, 19921). It contains six traits or facets in each of the five domains. The domains are Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (Costa & McCrae, 19921). These domains help to provide an assessment of a normal adult personality. The test consists of 240 items and three validity items (Costa & McCrae, 19921). The test requires at least a sixth grade reading level. Included in the NEO PI-R test manual is the NEO Five Factor Inventory. This inventory was validated in the four studies conducted by Holden, Wasylkiw, Starzyk, Book and Edwards (2006) in their article about the construct validity of the big four personality clusters.

The MMPI-2-RF normal sample is the same used to standardize the MMPI-2 minus the emphasis on gender; no new norms were collected for the MMPI-2-RF. The nongendered MMPI-2-RF normative sample is made up of 1,138 men and 1,138 women from the normative sample of the MMPI-2. Analysis of T scores based on gendered versus nongendered norms showed no advantages or disadvantages for either gender. The mean T scores for both men and women were at or about 50, with standard deviation of 10; therefore, there was no significant clinical difference between genders. The normative sample was composed of individuals ranging from age 18 to 80 all from different regions and communities in the United States. The representation of

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), is a standardized questionnaire established at the University of Minnesota in 1940. According to Hill, J. S., Pace, T. M., & Robbins, R. R. (2012) Hathaway and McKinley “selected criterion groups based on the selected criterion groups based on the clinical diagnosis and used an empirical approach in selecting items for a specific scale”. Furthermore, this inventory is one of the most popular clinical and forensic psychology tools used today and its purpose is to determine psychiatric symptoms and personality characteristics. African American groups “scored higher than Caucasians on a number of scales associated with psychopathology in early MMPI research” (Graham, 1990; Greene, 1987),

I agree with you that personality tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) tests and its revised edition (MMPI-2), are essential in the field of forensic psychology, even though they are not permitted to be used in mental competency evaluations, evaluations of insanity, or predicting an individual’s risk of dangerousness (Graham, 2012). Regardless, these assessments can help to determine, severity of impairment, their outlook on life, approaches they take to solve problems, their typical mood states, possible diagnosis, and outpatient evaluations (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2017). Additionally, in the field of forensic psychology the MMPI is often used as an instrument by expert witnesses, as a

The NEO PIR adult personality test is used to test for five primary personality factors or domains; commonly named the big five. The five primary scales or domains are neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (Costa & McCrae, 2015). The five domain are further subdivided into six part scales. The first domain is neuroticism and consists of subscales anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability (Costa & McCrae, 2015). The second domain is extraversion and compromised of subscales warmth,

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) replaced the original MMPI systematically to improve on this highly researched and used assessment. MMPI is the most commonly used objective personality instrument around the globe (Helmes & Reddon, 1993). The instrument is utilized by psychologists who conduct assessments as part of their clinical practice. Incorporating personality inventories into the counseling process can be helpful in identifying the client concern in a short period. Also, personality assessment can guide a therapist through the process of selecting interventions and making decisions about treatment options. It presents an overall depiction of personality traits, characteristics, and styles that are thought to underlie certain behavior. The

The study was conducted using the IPIP measure scales; (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness & Conscientiousness), (Goldberg, 1999) and the Big Five Factor Model which measure the personality factors of the Big Five (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The four goals of Psychology was taken into consideration using the 25-item translated questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale.

It can be said that there are numerous tests that have been created by psychologists all over the world, but of all those tests how many are as unique as the Millon? Through rigorous research and reading I have selected the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III test. The Millon Clinical Multiaxical Inventory (3rded: MCMI-III) is a widely used psychological assessment of clinical and personality disorders (Grove, W. M., 2009). This test, now on its 3rd edition, has embodied several innovative ideas in personality and psychopathology assessment (Grove, 2003). Moving in-between the 3rd and 4th editions was a once in a lifetime opportunity and amazing learning experience. Through analysis of the MCMI-III manual and other

The original International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) focused on Goldberg’s 100-adjective markers of the psycholexical FFM structure (Goldberg, 1990/1992). The current IPIP-50 is a 50-item prototype public domain (the NEO-PI-R is a commercial questionnaire) personality questionnaire (Goldberg et al., 2006; Goldberg, 2011). Since the questionnaire is free of charge over 600 different studies have employed it (Goldberg, 2016). Until 2005 the IPIP big-five factor markers lacked validating evidence, but research conducted in 2005 found that the IPIP-50 had a high internal consistency and related strongly to both Costa and McCrae’s NEO-FFI and Eysenck’s EPQ-R Short Form (Gow et al., 2005). In addition, Gow et al. (2005) found that although Intellect and Openness related less strong, it was still 0.59. A study carried out in New Zealand found that there was hardly any evidence to suggest hidden biases at the item or scale level of the IPIP-50 (Guenole & Chernyshenko, 2005). Before looking at the research examining the relation between the FFM and EI, this literature review first presents some of the current findings in EI.