Multiple Intelligence And Learning Styles

Howard Gardner has came up with seven clear intelligences Visual-Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, and Logical-Mathematical that outline individual's strengths and are designed based on different tasks, problem solving, and progress in various types of domains. According to Gardner's theory "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves”(Lane , C. (n.d.). Multiple Intelligences). Visual-Spatial in Gardner's theory is when a person is taught how to remember things through drawings and verbal and physical imagery. Bodily-kinesthetic is used when a person uses communication through there body language, like role playing, hands on learning,

Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences stating that each person possesses a blend of at least eight different kinds of intelligence: verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental/naturalistic (Bruno, 2009).

Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.

‘‘Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory can be used for curriculum development, planning instruction, selection of course activities, and related assessment strategies. Instruction which is designed to help students develop their strengths can also trigger their confidence to develop areas in which they are not as strong. Students’ multiple learning preferences can be addressed when instruction includes a range of meaningful and appropriate methods, activities, and assessments. Gardner’s early work in psychology and later in human cognition and human potential’ led to the development of the initial six intelligences. Today there are nine intelligences and the possibility of others may eventually expand the list. These intelligences (or competencies) relate to a person’s unique aptitude set of capabilities and ways they might prefer to demonstrate intellectual abilities’’ ( (Armstrong, T., 2010). Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

"Gardner's original Theory of Multiple Intelligences consists of three components, seven "intelligences," and eight supporting criteria of what comprises an "intelligence." The Three Components include: a definition of intelligence, a challenge to the notion of a general intelligence (g), and a challenge to the conviction that g can be reliably measured." (Helding,

This theory agreed with the multiple intelligence theory on intelligence being a much broader general ability, but the latter’s intelligences were better perceived as individual talents. This theory explains successful intelligence as involving factors including analytical intelligence which is the problem- solving abilities, creative intelligence which involves the capacity of dealing with new arising situations by using current skills and past experience as well as practical intelligence which is the ability of adapting to change in one’s environment. The third theory is that of multiple intelligences by Howard Gardener which proposes that human intelligence’s numerical expressions are not an accurate depiction of the people's abilities. This theory describes several distinct intelligences which are based on the abilities and skills which are valued in the different cultures including visual-spatial intelligence where thinking is in terms of physical space, verbal-linguistic intelligence where words are used effectively, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence where the body is used effectively, logical-mathematical intelligence where abstract, conceptual and calculations are used, interpersonal intelligence which entails one’s understanding of their goals and interests, musical intelligence where sensitivity to sound and rhythm is shown, intrapersonal intelligence which involves interaction and understanding of others as well as naturalistic intelligence. These differences related to strengths of intelligence are said to challenge the educational system which assumes that every individual can learn similar materials in a similar manner and that a universal, uniform measure does suffice in testing student

Some common misconceptions about the multiple intelligences theory are the belief that students that fall under one type of intelligence cannot benefit from another and that multiple intelligences and learning styles are the same thing. Addressing the first issue, it is incorrect to think that someone who has a certain intelligence will not find value from utilizing an intelligence outside of their own. In fact, Gardner says it’s the opposite, the occasional use of other intelligences can strengthen one’s learning because it forces them to think

Howard Gardner of Harvard has identified seven distinct intelligences. This hypothesis have emerged from recent cognitive research and "documents the extent to which students possess different kinds of ideas and therefore get a line, remember, perform, and understand in different ways," according to Gardner (1991). According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an apprehension of ourselves.

Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory (Gardner, 1983) has expanded the concept of intelligence to include academic abilities (linguistic and logical-mathematical) as well as aptitudes/talents (kinesthetic, music, spatial, naturalist) and personal intelligences (interpersonal and intrapersonal). Gardner used an inclusive definition of intelligence: "an ability or set of abilities that allows a person to solve a problem or fashion a product that is valued in one or more cultures" and it has direct applications to instruction, curriculum design, and career counseling at all age levels (Armstrong, 2006; Campbell & Campbell, 1999; Gardner, 1993).

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

There are many intelligences described to us through our lives, all over the world. Does in-telligence decide what we do with our lives, or is one intelligence more important than any other? When we look at Merriam-Webster (2013) for the definition of intelligence it states that it is the ability to learn different or new actions dependent on circumstances involved. So, who decides what intelligence is, and do we know if emotional intelligence, personal intelligence or any other intelligence plays a part in the different styles of learning. Let us explore the effects that intelli-gence has on people, and how emotional intelligence plays a more important role than we think.

Howard Gardner is a Harvard graduate and developmental Psychologist who founded the theory of multiple intelligences. There are nine different types that allow educators to identify differing strengths and weaknesses in students. The types of intelligences include; verbal/linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential. Gardner has created a multiple intelligence charter school that uses these categories to better teach and shape young minds. Along with Gardner; there is another psychologist, Daniel Goleman, who expanded the theory of emotional intelligence over IQ. Emotional intelligence, differing from multiple intelligence, is the ability to recognize one 's own feelings and others emotions and is just as important to success as multiple intelligence.

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 as a model of intelligence that differentiates intelligence into various specific (primarily sensory) modalities[disambiguation needed], rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability.

As educators, it’s our responsibility to help each student achieve success in the classroom setting. There are many practices used to determine student learning styles, but I believe Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory helps identify all types of learning styles. For example, Gardner breaks down the learning styles into eight, more specific, multiple intelligences, which allows us, as educators, to more properly identify the unique learning needs of our students. The eight multiple intelligences are Verbal/Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Musical/Rhythmic, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalistic. Similarly to Gardner’s eight multiple intelligences, there are three learning styles: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. Learning styles are similar to the eight multiple intelligences, but they are less specific. By using Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory, we, as educators, are able to identify the unique intelligence levels of our students.

Professor Howard Gardner, from Harvard University, proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligence. According to him have eight kinds of intelligences in different degrees which are Musical intelligence, Logical intelligence, Linguistic intelligence, Bodily- kina esthetic intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and Naturalistic intelligence. It is not necessary that any person who possess certain level in one Intelligence will be able to demonstrate the same level of expertise in the other Intelligences (Gardner 2006b). For example one person may have high degree of Musical Intelligence but that does not mean he is