Multiple Myeloma Case Study

Multiple myeloma (also plasma cell myeloma also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease) is a progressive hematologic (blood) disease. It is a cancer of the plasma cell, an important part of the immune system that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease.

Multiple Myeloma is a form of cancer which affects the plasma cells of the body, which are white blood cells. Multiple Myeloma, first described in 1848, is a disease “characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein.” To understand how Multiple Myeloma affects an infected person’s plasma cells, it helps to have a general understanding of how normal blood cells are formed and how they act. Most blood cells develop from stem cells, which can be found in bone marrow (soft material inside our bones – the “filling”). Stem cells mature into white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets.2 The purpose of white blood cells is to fight off infection, while

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

24-hour urine collection revealed proteinuria (550 mg). A peripheral blood smear revealed rouleaux formation. CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed no obvious malignancy. Quantitative immunoglobulins were significant for elevated IgA (2415 mg/dl) and concurrent suppression of IgG and IgM levels. Quantitative serum light chain measurement revealed normal levels of kappa and lambda, with an elevated Kappa:Lambda ratio at 2:1. SPEP, UPEP, and serum immunofixation revealed IgA-Kappa Multiple Myeloma (MM). Given her significant-severe, symptomatic hypercalcemia; she was treated with aggressive intravenous crystalloids and loop diuretics, calcitonin, pamidronate; and a decision to perform early hemodialysis given her extremely high calcium levels. Her calcium subsequently normalized to 10.1 mg/dl. Bone-marrow biopsy with flow cytometry revealed intracytoplasmic kappa-restricted monoclonal plasma cells that occupied 40% of the marrow. Bone survey was negative for lytic lesions. Oncology started her on a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, dexamethasone along

Mr. Jacobs is a very pleasant, 69-year-old gentleman who presents to the oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of a myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Patient states he was in a normal state of health until 01/2017 when he was evaluated to have anemia and leukopenia. He was referred to a hematologist/oncologist and underwent a bone marrow biopsy. The results revealed a mild dysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Flow cytometry showed 11% myeloblasts. He was subsequently given one unit of packed red blood cells and started on erythropoietin every three weeks

The claimant is a 48-year-old male who fell off a ladder while working and fell 15 feet backward striking his head, sustaining an acute right subdural hematoma, multiple rib fractures, and left-sided nondisplaced clavicle fracture. He was admitted to the hospital on 11/27/2017 and was discharged to home on 12/05/2017.

Multiple myeloma symptoms may vary by patients, with the early stages of myeloma often presenting no visible symptoms or signs. When present, the symptoms of multiple myeloma may be vague or similar to those of the other conditions. Certain multiple myeloma symptoms may also be associated with complications of the disease. Remember that not all individuals with myeloma will have symptoms and that is unusual for any one individual to have all of these symptoms. In addition, advances in treatment options allow for multiple myeloma symptoms to be managed or prevented. Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about how cancer start and spread see what is cancer? Multiple Myeloma is a cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. Normal plasma cells are found in the bone marrow and are an important part of the immune system. The immune system is made up of several types of cells that works together to fight infections and other disease. Lymphocytes (lymph cells) are the main cell type of the immune system. The major types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. When B cells respond to an infection, they mature and change into plasma cells. Plasma cells

Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma, hematologic cancer, or cancer of the blood is a plasma cell cancer, a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow that is responsible for creating antibodies. A Multiple myeloma diagnosis means a group of these plasma cells has become cancerous and is multiplying. This cancerous multiplication of plasma cells raises the the level of abnormal proteins in circulating blood, and reduces the space available in the bone marrow for making healthy plasma cells . Health problems caused by multiple myeloma can affect your bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count. The lifetime risk of getting multiple myeloma is 1 in 149 (0.67%).

When cells in the body start dividing and regenerating uncontrollably, they lead to cancer – and this is true for all the cells in the body. If the cancer is not nipped in its bud early on, it can spread to other parts of the body. This presents the common question asked regards cancer; how can it be stopped early on? The same can be said for cancers that start from the bone marrow such as multiple myelomas.

After the death of her husband, and for about three decades there was peace in her life as she stated, she would do the things she loved and was active all the time, but then she noticed different things happening to her. When Jane was 66 years old, she had found out that she was diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma and she already half way through stage one. “They provided me with a medicine named Melphalan, and it was the worst thing ever.” She took Melphalan by pill and it had many side effects including her getting weaker, she had said that she had started losing her appetite. She didn’t let this incurable disease stop her from doing things she

A risk-stratification model that depends on numerous independent molecular cytogenetic markers to evaluate disease aggressiveness is an important tool for both counseling and therapeutic decision-making. At the Mayo Clinic, using the Mayo stratification for myeloma and risk-adapted therapy (mSMART) classification, newly diagnosed myeloma is stratified into standard-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease.

Carfilzomib, is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012, either as a single agent or in combination with other known anti-myeloma treatments in the therapy of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RR-MM). Currently, carfilzomib is also investigated in the de novo setting of

UA was first described as distinct variant of ameloblastoma by Robinson and Martinez[1,2,3]in1977, which refer to those cystic lesions that show clinical and radiographic features of odontogenic cysts, but in microscopic examination, show typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without a luminal or mural tumour proliferation[4].

The preferred oral agent are Revlimid or Cytoxan. Thalidomide is not commonly used d/t excessive side effects.

To gain a better understanding and overall appreciation for the creation and implementation of targeted therapies, it is important to look at previous standards of care for the treatment of cancers and tumors. Conventional chemotherapy, when directed in the direction of specific cells in the body, does not do a very good job at being able to discriminate between normal, healthy dividing cells and tumorigenic cells. This can lead to many different toxic side effects ranging from fatigue and anemia to excessive vomiting, hair loss and in some