Multiple Myeloma Research Paper

Multiple myeloma (also plasma cell myeloma also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease) is a progressive hematologic (blood) disease. It is a cancer of the plasma cell, an important part of the immune system that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease.

Multiple Myeloma is a form of cancer which affects the plasma cells of the body, which are white blood cells. Multiple Myeloma, first described in 1848, is a disease “characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein.” To understand how Multiple Myeloma affects an infected person’s plasma cells, it helps to have a general understanding of how normal blood cells are formed and how they act. Most blood cells develop from stem cells, which can be found in bone marrow (soft material inside our bones – the “filling”). Stem cells mature into white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets.2 The purpose of white blood cells is to fight off infection, while

Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells, specifically white blood cells that are responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. Leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out normal blood cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding and transport oxygen (Medicine Net, 2015). It is estimated that each year, approximately 30,800 individuals will be diagnosed with leukemia in the United

Mr. Jacobs is a very pleasant, 69-year-old gentleman who presents to the oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of a myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Patient states he was in a normal state of health until 01/2017 when he was evaluated to have anemia and leukopenia. He was referred to a hematologist/oncologist and underwent a bone marrow biopsy. The results revealed a mild dysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Flow cytometry showed 11% myeloblasts. He was subsequently given one unit of packed red blood cells and started on erythropoietin every three weeks

There are 13,000 people diagnosed each year with Myelodysplastic syndrome in America. Robin Roberts is just one of those many people (American Cancer Society).

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare life-threatening cancer that affects the white blood cells known as plasma cells that are found in the soft, spongy tissue at the center of the bones, called bone marrow. The plasma cells are useful in fighting infections by producing antibodies that recognize and attack germs. The plasma cells are transformed into malignant myeloma cells when there are high levels of M proteins or better known as the production of abnormal antibodies from a result of myeloma cells. These M proteins multiple and block out normally functioning antibodies and the end results are bone damage or kidney problems. An individual can have blood tests or urine tests done to determine if they have multiple myeloma. In the article, “The work of living with a rare cancer: multiple myeloma” the authors explain how this type of cancer still remains incurable, but treatable that patients can expect to live longer, approximately five to seven years than what two decades ago. This was not expected for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma during the 1990s, since patients were expected to only live about two and a half years after being diagnosed. Treatment for multiple myeloma throughout the years has advanced greatly yet a cure is still to be discovered. This essay will focus of the causes, the sign and symptoms, how multiple myeloma is detected and diagnosed, and how multiple myeloma is treated.

When cells in the body start dividing and regenerating uncontrollably, they lead to cancer – and this is true for all the cells in the body. If the cancer is not nipped in its bud early on, it can spread to other parts of the body. This presents the common question asked regards cancer; how can it be stopped early on? The same can be said for cancers that start from the bone marrow such as multiple myelomas.

She became weaker by the day, so we decided to move her out of the city. Since the medical care in Raleigh was far more incisive than that of New York, we brought her to Wake Forest to live with us, in order to give her the best opportunities possible. When she had her first oncology appointment, the oncologist had discovered that the New York doctors had made a fatal error, a misdiagnosis of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a rare form of cancer, spreading all throughout her blood stream, ovaries, and especially tainted her bone marrow. At the final stage of her disease, she only had a minimum of two weeks to live. We decided to immediately start chemotherapy to improve her health for the little time she had left; we were determined to

What if patients that suffer from Multiple Myeloma could finally have a treatment opinion with the aid of the immunology hormone, Thymosin ß-4? This hematologic (blood) disease has no cure at this specific time, but there are some factors that increase the susceptibility of contracting this disease. The factors include being over the age of 65, hereditary disposition and race also, people that already suffer a blood disease will probably contract MM. Why is trying to treat MM so important? Multiple Myeloma is stated as a cancer that is formed in a specific type of white blood cell (plasma cells). The main role of plasma cells is to secrete antibody that recognizes and attacks germs. These malignant plasma cells result in an increase of immunoglobulin components, most commonly IgG. This up regulation of IgG can ultimately cause kidney problems. To fully understand how this hormone may help patients that suffer from this disease first, I want to look at how the immune system interacts with hormones. Then, discuss what Thymosin ß-4 is and the effects on the inhibition of MM.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. Many malignancies can mimic MM, however the concomitant existence of another primary malignancy alongside MM is exceedingly rare. We report the first case wherein MM and esophageal adenocarcinoma manifest concomitantly.

Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone marrow. The bon marrow is the soft spongy center of the bone that produces blood cells. Leukemia is found in white blood cells or leukocytes. The white blood cells help to fight ff infections and other diseases. Normally, cells produce in an orderly way, but people that have leukemia the cell production gets out of control. The marrow produces too many immature white blood cells called blasts. They are differently shaped and can’t carry out their usual duties.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells in the bone marrow (Porth, 2009). Also known as plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, medullary plasmacytosis or Kahler’s disease, MM results from the development of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (referred to as an M-protein), a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain, or both (Ferreira, 2013). Patients with MM can present with a wide range of signs and symptoms including bone fractures, anemia and kidney damage or no symptoms at all (Lobban & Perkins, 2013). This creates a diagnostic challenge to clinicians as many of these conditions are of benign etiology (Lobban & Perkins, 2013). The individual variations among patients with

Physicians only monitor asymptomatic smoldering multiple myeloma since conventional chemotherapy has not proven beneficial (Palumbo & Anderson, 2011). However, current treatments for active myeloma usually employ induction (i.e. initial) therapy with a combination of drugs followed by high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell transplant and maintenance chemotherapy (2011). In a personal correspondence, Dr. Kenneth Shain (2016) of Moffitt Cancer Center provided a list of frequently used multiple myeloma drugs that included the following: IMiDs, steroids, proteasome inhibitors, antibody therapy, deacetylase inhibitors, DNA damaging agents, and a selective inhibitor of nuclear export. The immunomodulatory drugs (i.e. IMiDs) Pomalidomide/Pomalyst®, Lenalidomide/Revlimid®, and Thalidomide/Thalomid® enhance the immune system’s ability to attack the myeloma tumor and inhibit angiogenesis (Dr. K. Shain, personal communication, November 2, 2016). Antibody therapy using Daratumuab/Darzalex®, Elotuzumab/Empliciti®, or Isatuxamab also boosts the immune system’s ability by specifically target cancer cells using antibodies (2016). Steroids typically used during chemotherapy include dexamethasone and prednisone (2016). The proteasome inhibitors Bortezomib/Velcade®, Carfilzomib/Kyrpolis®, and

Leukemia comes from the Greek words for "white" and "blood” and is often considered a disease for children, but actually affects far more adults. This disease is classified as a cancer that usually begins in the bone marrow provoked by an abnormal rise in the number of white blood cells. The white blood cells crowd out other blood cell elements such as red blood cells and platelets. The body starts producing more white cells than it needs, and at the same time many of them do not mature normally, and tend to live well beyond their normal life period. Even though the body develops a vast numbers of cells this is not considered a benefit because these leukemia cells are not capable of battling infection the way they should. Also, they interfere with vital organ functions such as the production of healthy blood cells. Eventually, red blood cells are unable to supply oxygen, platelets to ensure correct clotting, normal white blood cells can’t deal infection.

Jack woke up one morning not feeling well. He felt very weak and could not get out of bed. His mother decided to take him to the doctors. The doctors took many tests to figure out what was making him feel that way. After about an hour or two the doctors got the results back from a blood test. Results that would change Jack’s childhood for the worse. Jack has been diagnosed with Leukemia, a blood cancer. Of course, Jack was not sure what that meant but, his parents became worried beyond belief with the long road ahead of them. Scientists and researchers were all involved in the discovery of Leukemia cancer, which increased knowledge of this cancer, decreased deaths and discovered treatments, and started charity groups to fund research.