Multiple Schlerosis Research Paper

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. The disease destroys the myelin, which is the insulation that protects the nerve fibers in the spinal cord, and brain (Niino, 2008). When the myelin is damaged, the message that is traveling along that nerve may be slowed or blocked. Symptoms vary by patient, but often include: numbness or weakness in limbs, partial or complete loss of vision, lack of coordination or unsteady gait, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, and problems with bowel and bladder functions.

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises grey matter, which contains neuron cell bodies and white matter, which contains the nerve axons. Most of the nerve axons are concentrically wrapped around by lipid-rich biological membrane, known as the myelin sheath. In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocyte. a type of glial cell. (Pfeiffer et al., 1993). These electrical insulating, multilamellar membranes significantly increase the electrical resistance, in which to prevent leakage of electrical currents from the axons, as well as decrease electrical capacitance to reduce the ability of the axons to store electrical energy (Shivane &

MS(Multiple Sclerosis) is a disease which gradually hardens all tissues and also causes scars. These scars form when the persons immune system's cells go into the central nervous system and cause inflammation to the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. MS is also a non contagious and unpredictable disease. MS is also the most common chronic disease (when it comes to the CNS (Central Nervous System)) with young Australians. Throughout all the states of Australia, Victoria is the State with the most people that have the condition.

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is connected to the spinal cord. The brain helps interpret information received from the spinal cord. Through the spinal cord signals are sent to the rest of body and back to the brain. Nerve cells (neurons) are found in the nervous system and they help communicate with other cells through electrical signals. Some of the nerve cells are coated with a myelin sheath. Myelinated neurons allow electrical signals to travel at a faster speed. When the myelinated part of the nerve cell is destroyed, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be the one to blame.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) a disease which the immune system attacks the protective sheath also known as the myelin that covers the nerves. Damages myelin disrupts the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The nerves itself may weaken, process that is currently irreversible.

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

Symptoms of MS are medicated from like Dilantin are used to manage neuropathic pain. Novatrone, Tefidera, Aubagio, and Fingolimod are oral medications used to diminish frequency of MS relapses and progression of disability. Benzodiazeprines are often used, such as Clonapam, to prevent seizures. There is even a drug, Ampyra, that in an anti-MS agent to increase walking speed in patients.

Multiple sclerosis has no single diagnostic test. Rather, evidence helps the diagnosis which there are three: First, the white matter of the central nervous system should have two different lesions. Second, the course of the disease should happen episodically. Lastly, a chronic inflammation of the CNS (1). In order for physicians to make a diagnosis, they have to find damage in two areas of the optic nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord. They must also observe if the symptoms would last more than 24 hours as well as observing episodes of a month or more (3). Then, they will give the patient an MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging where it can investigate physiology and the anatomy of a human body to display his or her health and whether he or she has such a disease.

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease involving damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The exact cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but we know that something triggers the immune system to attack the central nervous system (CNS). MS happens when your immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin and without this outer shell, your nerves become damaged. The resulting damage to myelin that insulates wire like nerve fibers is a disruption of signals to and from the brain. This hiatus of communication signals causes unpredictable symptoms such as numbness, tingling, mood changes, memory problems, blindness, paralysis, fatigue and pain. People who have MS experience the disease differently,

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that attacks the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system. Scientists believe that the disease is caused by an environmental factor that certain genetics are predisposed to respond to. Symptoms can vary from person to person but the most common are blurred vision, loss of balance, poor coordination, slurred speech, tremors, numbness, extreme fatigue, memory problems, paralysis, and blindness. In order to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, a careful history of symptoms is taken, as well as history of birthplace, family, environment, and other illnesses. A variety of tests are run to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms. Most of the people who are diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis are between the ages of twenty and fifty; yet there are people as young as two and as old as seventy-five who have developed the disease. Although the life expectancy for this disease has increased, Multiple Sclerosis

In reality there are 4 different types of MS, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Mostly when researching MS primary progressive MS is what comes up the most. MS is an abnormal response to the immune system in the body and attacks the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS the myelin, a fatty protein rich substance act like a coating and protect the nerve. It insulates and helps to promote nerve impulses to the brain. Once the myelin is affected it creates scar tissue which will in turn damage or all together destroy the nerve and the nerve impulses will then not be able to travel to the brain. Once the myelin is damaged it in turn also produces weak muscles, imbalance, spasms, and partial to complete paralysis. This can also cause numbness, tingling, and pain. Along with the muscle impairments many patients with MS also have impairments with vision and cognitive skills. According to Kesselring, Giancarlo, and Thompson (2010), “We still do not know why inflammation in MS does not resolve, but there are several possible explanations. The persistence of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) infiltrates could be caused by long-lasting danger signals.” Optic nerves and the spinal cord can also be damaged because of the inflammation and scar tissue around the

Multiple Sclerosis or “MS” is a very different disease there isn’t an exact cause as to why MS occurs but researchers have stated that it affects the central nervous system of the body so the body is having a disruption of messages that are supposed to be sent to the brain (Danette). The central nervous system is made up of your spine, brain and optic nerves (eye nerves). The immune system become sensitized and will mistakenly attack myelin which is the neurons that let us think, see, speak, hear and feel and when that myelin is attacked at it, it makes those five important functions difficult to do but it’s different for every person (What is MS?).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nerve and nerve fibers of the central nervous system (Ringold, Lynm, & Glass, 2006). It results in the loss and damage of myelin, the insulator of nerve fibers, thus affecting the conduction of nerve signals within the brain and spinal cord. This damage to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to an impairment in sensory, cognitive, and motor functions of the body. The cause of multiple sclerosis is still unknown, however, it is known that environmental, genetic, and viral factors play a role in the spread and diagnosis of this disease. This essay will examine the likelihood of the Epstein-Barr virus as an indicator to the development of multiple sclerosis.

However, when myelin is not present, the nerve signals no longer have any “gaps” to jump over and the nerve fibers do not receive any insulation. Multiple sclerosis means “many scars,” and this name holds true because without the myelin, the nerve fibers appear very scarred. This disease is a disabling one, and there are many symptoms of it. These include fatigue, or weakness, stiffness, tremor, swollen ankles, movement impairment, numbness, difficulty controlling bladder and bowel, pain, speech complications, dysphagia, memory problems, weight gain, loss of vision, dizziness, and pressure sores. Because there are so many symptoms of this disease, it is not always easy to diagnose it. An important way that physicians diagnose multiple sclerosis is by referring to a set of criteria published by the “International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis” . This method of diagnosis says that the patient experiences multiple symptoms occurring in the CNS. Clinicians use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to clearly see what is going on in the CNS. They look for lesions on the brain and spinal cord, which indicates that scarring is happening. When this case applies to the patient, they are said to have

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS and the most frequent cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults (1). Women are twice as likely to be affected as men, and onset typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 years (2). The diagnosis Depend on a detailed history; careful neurological examination; and supportive paraclinical investigations. According to the new McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of MS requires objective evidence of lesions disseminated in space and time.MRI findings may contribute to the determination of dissemination in time or space (4).)