Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases that involve the axons of the brain and spinal cord, causing the destruction of the myelin and the axons. Symptoms, severity and course of the disease vary from person to person. It is hard to diagnose MS because its signs and symptoms are similar to some other diseases. Metabolomics is a new method of early diagnosis of many diseases. It is a method of quantitative measurement and systemic approach to study the metabolic profile in vivo. In the present study, the metabolome profiles of patients with MS disease were investigated, by applying NMR spectroscopy.

There are many debilitating side effects and symptoms that accompany Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In MS, the immune system essentially fights itself and attacks its own body’s cells, causing progressive damage in the brain and spinal chord. Some key symptoms and side effects of the disease are vision problems, muscle weakness, and trouble walking or speaking. However, this is not it, There are many more side effects and symptoms that very between individuals. Some of the symptoms that haven't thoroughly been researched are the changes that occur in the brain of an MS patient, especially a pediatric MS patient. There are several existing hypothesis about Multiple Sclerosis’ debilitating effects in the brain, but no concrete research done on the

Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Myelin sheath, an insulation that covers the nerve fibers, is damaged resulting in multiple patches of scarred tissue called lesions. When the Melin sheath is destroyed, damage to the axon begins and causes a wide variety of symptoms. Axons are the fibers that carry electric impulses away from the nerve cell to different parts of the body. MS eventually causes permanent disability. Depending on the extent of the myelin damaged and the location damaged, determines the severity of the symptoms.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system. It most commonly occurs in individuals between the ages of twenty and forty (1) and in higher numbers of women than men (2). In Multiple Sclerosis (or "MS") a loss of the nerves' axon coating myelin prohibits the nerve axons from efficiently conducting action and synaptic potentials. Scar tissue (called plaques or lesions) forms at the points where demyelination occurs in the brain and spinal cord, hence the name "Multiple Sclerosis"or "many scars" (3). The demyelination found in MS is thought to be caused by an autoimmune process, in which the body's immune system attacks its own healthy tissue (4). Other diseases thought to have an autoimmune basis are

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System, which interferes with the communication between the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the myelin on the nerve fibers; resulting in damaged myelin that forms sclerosis. Overtime, many nerve fibers and myelin sheath will be damaged or even destroyed, resulting in the nerve impulse being interrupted. MS can be mild, moderate, or severe, therefore, it may cause disability as well as death. Interestingly enough, more women are affected than men. Common signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis include: fatigue, difficulties with walking (gait), spasticity, numbness/tingling, weakness, vision problems, pain, vertigo, depression, emotional changes, cognitive changes, bladder/bowel problems, and sexual problems. Less common signs and symptoms include: speech/swallowing problems, seizures, tremor, breathing problems, headache, pruritus, and hearing loss. There a four different types of Multiple Sclerosis: Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary-progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS). Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is the most common type of MS; about 85% of people are diagnosed with this type of Multiple Sclerosis. Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by worsening neurologic function attacks throughout the disease. The attacks are also known

Look around, chances are you or someone in the room either has or knows someone with multiple sclerosis. However, you probably would not be able to tell just by looking at someone if they have MS and that is arguably one of the most frustrating effects of MS. In fact there are a lot of frustrations related to this disease, it affects every patient differently, it is difficult to diagnose, symptoms are merely managed, it is unpredictable and life altering for those with it and for those that care for them. It is estimated that over two and a half million people worldwide are affected by MS. Two hundred new diagnosis are reported every week in the United States alone, and the numbers of cases are likely much higher than

Multiple Sclerosis affects more people than most would think. MS is an unpredictable disease that attacks the central nervous system but it is a difficult disease to diagnose due to multiple unknown factors. Each diagnosed case of MS is unique depending upon factors given by the patient. Understanding the different courses of Multiple Sclerosis, early diagnosis and the treatments of the disease all play an important role in bringing awareness of MS. Learning about Multiple Sclerosis can bring opportunities for patients, family and friends such as planned events like the MS Walk. For now there is no cure but raising awareness is the first step to finding one.

There are four different patterns of inflammation in the white matter that is associated with individuals with multiple sclerosis (Lassmann et. al. 2007).The first pattern of inflammation is associated with the demyelination caused by macrophage activity. This pattern of inflammation is characterized by perivascular demyelination with radial expansion and extensive remyelination. The second pattern of inflammation demyelination is associated with antibody and complement activity. The lesions exhibited in this pattern are similar to lesions that occur in the first pattern except that the active demyelination sites demonstrate additional deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and activated complement in pattern 2. Immunoglobulins are antibodies that

The nervous system is responsible for registering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and communicating them with the entirety of the body. Dendrites acquire these signals from other neurons and then the signal is transmitted through the cell body and down the axon. Graded potentials create an electrical charge that eventually leads to threshold being met and action potentials being generated. These action potentials send the signals down the axon. Signals will sometimes struggle to hike up stream due to threshold recently being met. This absolute refractory state inhibits signals from traveling up the axon unless myelin is present to increase signaling. It takes longer to conduct a signal down an un-myelinated axon because voltage-gated ion channels

Worldwide, more than 2.3 million people are currently affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This condition “is a life-long, potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system (CNS)” (Pasquier, 2014, 537). Specifically, it is a chronic auto-immune disease that attacks the central nervous system. Furthermore, the person’s own immune system does not recognize the neurons and attacks the myelin, and the nerve fibers it covers and protects. The myelin then creates scar tissue which causes damage and keeps the nerve impulses in the neuron from being able to travel to the brain or the spinal cord. If this occurs, bodily functions become difficult or impossible because messages aren’t being delivered to or from the organs back to the CNS.

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune disease caused by damage of the fatty myelin sheaths around axons of the brain and spinal cord which leads to demyelination, lesions (scaring) and inflammation1, 2, 3. This damage leads to disruption of nerve impulse along axons resulting in the many symptoms seen in multiple sclerosis patients. Although its exact etiology is unknown, current research indicates that multiple sclerosis is a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. It has been established that multiple sclerosis is not inherited but research is being focused on genetic influence and suceptibility3. Like many other diseases with genetic components to their etiology, disease risk for multiple sclerosis can be

When it comes to an individual having any type of physical medical condition, there are issues that are associated with it. It may not be intend to be that way, but there are some or certain conditions where medically ill individuals have to deal with because of their medical condition. As for Multiple Sclerosis, it has its own issues that make things worst for the individual involved. It seems as though the biggest issue nationally and internationally is the cost of health care and insurance coverage for a medical condition. From doing as much research on Multiple Sclerosis, it is not as easy for some individuals to get the adequate and needed care due to this medical condition. It was bought to my attention from Forbes that “health plans,

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disease that causes disruption to the electrical functions of the immune system resulting in cognitive and motor functions to become destroyed. 1 Multiple sclerosis affects 350,000 people in the United States, however; 2.3 million people globally are known to have multiple sclerosis. 2 This disease has throughout the years been on the rise all over the world. This increase could be due to people moving from one region to another. 2 Women tend to be at greater risk of having multiple sclerosis than men. Women typically develop symptoms at the ages of 20 and 40 years while men are known to develop symptoms at a later age. 2 Caucasian women are more susceptible to developing multiple sclerosis while African Americans have a lower chance of getting this disease. 1 Considering that MS is a disease that affects the nervous system, there is no concise explanation as to what causes this disease. Tobacco products have been linked to causing MS as well as some viruses and bacteria. 2 As viruses attack the brain and the spinal cord, the main compartments of our nervous system, this triggers an effect that causes extreme damage to the axons, specifically their mylenated areas.1 Multiple sclerosis triggers pain to the central nervous system, which destroys and prohibits proper functions. This disease is considered as being irreversible because of the damage done to the axons. 2 As damage to the axons is seen, lesions start to develop in the brain and

In my everyday world I don’t think twice about how I am going to get through the day. Waking up, getting dressed, and getting to school or work are very routine for me. I have been living life without thinking about how those with disabilities get through their day. What struggles they might see that I over look, such as brushing their teeth or eating a meal. So given the opportunity to experience just how these individual’s daily activities are with a neurological disorder helped me see just how lucky I am. I have always been interested in the neurological aspect of therapy, and so I decided to experience what it would be like to be someone with multiple sclerosis, or MS. I have never been around anyone who has multiple sclerosis, so this was all new to me. Before I could even begin to recreate multiple sclerosis I had to do some research on what it was.

Multiple Sclerosis is a nervous system disease that disturbs the brain and spinal cord (Rolak,2005). Initially affects the myelin sheath, the material that covers and protects your nerve cells. Multiple Sclerosis causes demyelination (Rolak,2005). The nerve damage is caused by inflammation (Rolak,2005). Inflammation occurs when the body’s own immune cells attack the nervous system (Rolak,2005). This can happen in any area of the brain, optic nerve, or spinal cord (Rolak,2005). It is unknown what exactly causes Multiple Sclerosis (Rolak,2005). It is considered to be a virus and environmental factors may also play a role (Rolak,2005). A person’s immune cells begins to attack the central nervous system and degenerate (Rolak,2005).