Multiple Sclerosis Case Study

Goals of MS therapy is to reduce the severity and frequency of relapses, manage muscle weakness, and reduce fatigue. Also to reduce depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, and bladder or bowel

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about multiple sclerosis by exploring various facts of the disease including what causes it, types of the disease and how it is treated.

C. Thesis Statement: With autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis on a steady rise over the past decade, three major factors must be considered: the possible causes, common symptoms, and

There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Most treatment is focused on improving quality of life by treating symptoms and slowing its progression. There are a few drugs to help slow progression, most of which are for relapsing-remitting MS (Mayo Clinic, 2017). In March of this year, the FDA approved the first drug for primary-progressive MS (FDA, 2017), called ocrelizumab, which slows the advancement of disability (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Ocrelizumab may cause infusion related reactions, such as hives, shortness of breath, fever, etc, and may lead to an upper respiratory tract infection (FDA, 2017). Acute relapses are treated with corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation, a traditional and approved method of treatment. (NIH, 2013). To treat symptoms, those with MS may go to physical therapy to help strengthen muscles and manage gait problems (Mayo Clinic, 2017). They may also use muscle relaxers to treat extremely painful

(2012). Epidemiology in multiple sclerosis has had it day: there are no more unanswered questions - Yes. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 18(2), 140-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511434070

Multiple sclerosis is a prolonged, progressive, wasting disorder of the Central Nervous System categorized by distributed demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. The onset of MS is usually between 20 and 50 years of age, although it can occur in young teens and much older adults. Women are affected two of three times more often than men. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2014, p. 1428)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a rare disease that directly disables the central nervous system (CNS). While there has been some recent studies, there still isn’t enough research for scientist to classify the exact causes of MS. However, all researchers declare that the causation of MS is a direct impact of the disease “attacking” the central nervous system, which leads to a disruption of the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body (National MS Society). When there is a disturbance within the CNS, signals within the brain and from the brain to the body are altered, which can have devastating effects on patients. MS is a mysterious disease that still has a lot of research to be conducted in order for scientist and doctors

Worldwide, more than 2.3 million people are currently affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This condition “is a life-long, potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system (CNS)” (Pasquier, 2014, 537). Specifically, it is a chronic auto-immune disease that attacks the central nervous system. Furthermore, the person’s own immune system does not recognize the neurons and attacks the myelin, and the nerve fibers it covers and protects. The myelin then creates scar tissue which causes damage and keeps the nerve impulses in the neuron from being able to travel to the brain or the spinal cord. If this occurs, bodily functions become difficult or impossible because messages aren’t being delivered to or from the organs back to the CNS.

Although there is presently no cure for MS, modern research has developed several medications and other treatments that slow the course of the disease and help patients cope with its symptoms. Steroids shorten acute MS attacks by reducing inflammation in the nervous system, but they do not help prevent relapses or slow the overall progression of the disease. Betaseron and Betaferon, different brand names for interferon beta, have only been available since 1994, so doctors do not yet know what the long-term effects are. Clinical studies show that the drug reduces the frequency and severity of MS attacks in about two-thirds of the people who take it. It also reduces the number of new areas of demyelination. Interferon beta seems to work well on relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects roughly 400,000 people in the United States (Hunter, 2016) but isn’t very well understood on a cellular level quite yet. There is somewhat of a stigma surrounding the disease as well, as if it is a ticket to life in a wheelchair or an early grave. On the contrary, symptoms and progression vary greatly among individuals and even at different stages for each patient. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of MS, what about it is currently understood, and methods of treatment.

Multiple Sclerosis is a hot topic in science because professionals still know so little and there is currently no cure, although it was discovered in the early 19th century (NMSS, 2015). There is a huge online community of MS patients sharing their experiences of living with this disease. Often times it can be progressive, painful and disrupt daily activities of life (i.e. getting out of bed, brushing teeth, walking etc). The common age group for those who are diagnosed with MS are 20 to 50, and less common are young adults, teenagers and children (MSF, 2009). Determinants of MS include gender, age, where you live, genetics and ethnicity (NMSS, 2015). More women than men are affected (NMSS, 2015). The National Library of Medicine explains that MS affects the central nervous system where T cells are generated and for an unknown reason attacks myelin sheaths in the axons of the brain. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto immune disease, it is not communicable, and there is not one single test that can easily detect it (MSF, 2009). For these reasons and ambiguity of the disease which cause people suffering everyday, it is thus great importance for

Various attempts have been made to minimize this toxicity, such as monitoring drug blood levels, modifying the protocol, and co-administering other agents. Other side effects caused by CsA “are hepatotoxicity, hyperkalemia, hypertension, tremor, gum overgrowth, and hirsutism.” (NCBI) Another dose-related immunosuppressive agent is Azathioprine (AZA). This causes dose-related bone marrow suppression, commonly leading to leukopenia. Therefore, a careful monitoring of complete blood cell count and dosage adjustment according to white blood cell count are usually adequate to prevent serious

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a CNS autoimmune disease configured by demyelination, inflammation, and degeneration of axons. This disease inflict great harms to patients. The most common problem is inability to control musculoskeletal system and decrease in mobility. These consequences could vary from patients to patients. About 10-15% of all MS patients develop primary progressive MS (PPMS). Despite the most common appearance of MS, which is progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS), PPMS affects older adults. Its process has no recovery periods, and gender distribution measurements indicate no differences. Etiology of MS is still unclear but it is believed both environmental and hereditary factors are involved. MS susceptibility in population

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders constantly leading to perpetual disability in young adults. Accounting for more than 40,000 affected individuals in Egypt alone (Tallawy et al., 2016), and 2.5 million patients worldwide.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), presenting with unpredictable clinical relapses and remissions . these relapses are the clinical expression of acute inflammatory reaction in the CNS (1) .