Multiple Sclerosis Literature Review

This essay will look at Multiple Sclerosis and the impact that this health condition has on the physical and psychological wellbeing of an individual.

This can wreak havoc on a person’s emotional state, which Mairs comments, “I am immobilized by acute attacks of depression, which may or may not be physiologically related to MS but are certainly its logical concomitant” (Mairs 67). In addition to the unpredictable physical losses that one can sustain from MS - including vision, coordination, and bladder control - one can also lose their will to live a normal life. Mairs discusses the lives of two women who share the same disease, one of which, “...stays at home and insists that her husband, a small quiet man, a retired civil servant, stay there with her except for a quick weekly foray to the supermarket” (71). The other woman has an active life and tries to participate in as many activities as she would without the disease. Mairs aspires to live like the second woman as her life progresses, but the first woman has obviously lost her mental battle with the disease. Since there is no known cure for MS, the only thing that one who is diagnosed can do is accept that their life will always be changing and it will never be easy. Towards the beginning of her disease, she thought about MS constantly and wondered when the time would come that she would no longer be physically capable of killing herself. Once she learned that she would never finish adjusting, she was able to come to an uneasy peace with her condition. Besides the

Thesis: Multiple sclerosis brings daily challenges to whomever struggles with it, but with the right team of doctors and medication, it can be maintained.

Service users flourish when they are given guidance and skills to manage their illness or disability, they begin to take responsibility for their own recovery process. This making them more motivated when the focus isn’t around their illness and symptoms. It helps them to identify their strengths, dreams, by giving them hope and reassurance for their future, this is a holistic approach as the service user is at the heart of their treatment plan which has been planned and tailored to their individual goals and targets. Creative activities are used to determine this; it gives the service user an opportunity to share their story and to express their feelings and motives in a relaxed and comfortable environment. (Bryant et al., 2014) Additionally, occupational therapy has a client centred approach as it works with people of all ages, that have a wide range of medical, social and environmental problems which are implicating on their health and wellbeing. The aim of an occupational therapist is to enable and empower people to be confident and competent in their daily life, by enhancing their wellbeing as well as minimising the effects of dysfunction or environmental barriers. (Duncan, 2011) What

When considering this information, keep in mind that while you may not have MS, a lot of people do, and are diagnosed with it every day. Raising awareness about MS and getting more people involved is one of the best things you can do to helps others suffering with this

A health theory that applies to the project on SCIs is the social cognitive theory because it “describes a dynamic, ongoing process in which personal factors, environmental factors, and human behavior exert influence upon each other” (National Cancer Institute, pp. 19, 2005). Three main factors of the social cognitive theory that affect the likelihood of a person performing a behavior are self-efficacy, goals, and outcome expectancies (National Cancer Institute, pp. 20, 2005). A goal of this project is to help improve or maintain the self-efficacy of people living with SCIs and their caregivers, leading to them to have a better quality of life. Self-efficacy is defined as confidence in the ability of a person to overcome barriers and take action (National Cancer Institute, pp. 20, 2005). The projected outcomes benefitting the agency and me, stated earlier in this section, can assist patients living with SCIs and their caregivers achieve confidence in performing the expected behavior, which is to utilize the resources that they are provided. This can lead to the improvement of the function of the patient, which implies the benefit of their physical, mental and

It is estimated that near 400,000 individuals in the United States are affected by multiple sclerosis (Dilokthornsakul P., et al, 2016). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can be debilitating. MS is not entirely understood by the medical community with the present availability of information on the direct cause for the inflammation. Unraveling the mystery of the cause of inflammation of the CNS in MS patients could lead to more directly targeted treatments. The reason for the inflammation of the CNS in MS patients may very well shed light on other inflammatory diseases involving the CNS.

The BAI is a quick list describing 21 anxiety signs and symptoms, including "wobbliness in legs", "scared" and "worry of dropping control" [8]. Respondents are asked how to charge a great deal each of those signs and symptoms bothered them inside the beyond week, on a scale ranging from 0 (never) tot 3. The total rating has at least 0 and a maximum of sixty three. The size becomes verified in a sample of one hundred sixty psychiatric outpatients with diverse anxiety and depressive problems, identified with the structured medical Interview for DSM-III [28]. The BAI has a excessive inner consistency and a test-retest reliability over one week of .75 [8].

A research by M Korostil and A Feinstein studded the relationship between alternative diagnoses and MS , it stated that there is a relationship between anxiety disorder and the onset of Multiple Sclerosis and patients with anxiety disorder should be scanned on a regular basis to look for Multiple Sclerosis. due to the social factors in Saudi Arabia there is less awareness about mental disorders, people here tend to ignore their mental health leading in a delay of the early diagnosis of MS in some cases.

The above diagram shows priori path model of functional impairment, pain, family satisfaction, depression and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Regarding to the model, it shows that functional impairment, pain and family satisfaction may contribute to depression as well as it may also affect the HRQoL of patients with TBI.

The debilitating disease of multiple sclerosis impacts the daily lives and independence of the people it afflicts. The condition affects muscle function, cognitive abilities, and causes physical and mental fatigue (Yu & Mathiowetz, 2014). As the disease progresses, these symptoms worsen and loss of independence emerges. As a counteractive intervention to slow this loss of autonomy, occupational therapy is a helpful tool. In this literature review the question that is addressed is what are effective interventions occupational therapists use for people with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating chronic disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheaths of nerve cells in the central nervous system, affecting more than 400,000 people in the US with about 200 new cases being diagnosed each week (Pietrangelo and Higuera 2014). We still do know what causes MS and although there is no cure, there are several treatments for MS focused on slowing down the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. Although the causes of MS have not been identified, there has been much research into genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental risk factors as well as research into how different populations manage their MS.

I researched Multiple Sclerosis (MS) because I am very interested to learn more about it since my mom has MS. Multiple Sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. It might be linked to our daily diet. It seems ridiculous to doctors that such a mysterious disease may be affected by something so simple. There is still no cure for MS, but medical researchers have been busy and are still trying to find a cure.

Targets populations that have experienced disease and focus limitation of disability and rehabilitation (Nies & McEwen, 2015).

Sometimes patients do not realize they have anxiety and depression. According to Haws, "Some patients may report a feeling of low mood, or partners or families may observe it and raise their own concerns. Important symptoms include feelings of a lack of interest or pleasure in activities, or sleep disturbances. Impaired concentration or general fatigue is also common" (Haws). To know if a person has depression or anxiety, this study used the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. In order to identify those patients who needed help, they ask these two questions, "During the last month, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless?" and "During the last month, have you often been bothered by having little