Mumps Virus Research Paper

It can transfer from person to person through coughing and sneezing since it lives in the throat and nasal cavity. The droplets of the disease can live up to 2 hours in the air. The victim can touch a contaminated surface then touch their eyes, mouth, nose, or breathe in the air and become infected. The infected person can be contagious four days prior or four days after the measles rash appears. (Measles)

Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash, and can lead to pneumonia, hospitalization, or death. The infection can leave permanent damage to the brain and lungs. There is no antiviral medication for measles so it is easier to prevent it than to treat it. In 2016, the US had 70 confirmed cases of measles, mostly in unvaccinated people, and there were 73 confirmed cases of measles in unvaccinated children in Minnesota June 2017 alone (Howard, 2017, ¶2-3). Kristen Ehresmann, the director of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control Division at the State Department of Health said, “Many of the cases could have been prevented if people had gotten vaccinated” (Ehresmann,2017, ¶4). At least 8,250 people were exposed to the measles, mostly in schools, daycares, and healthcare facilities. There were a total of 21 hospitalizations (Howard, 2017, ¶6). A situation where vaccines did stop an outbreak was in 2005 when an 18-month-old Amish girl contracted polio and spread the disease to four other children who were too young to be vaccinated, but because the community had their vaccines, the herd immunity prevented a massive outbreak (Vaccine ProCon, 2018,

Mumps, Haemophilus, rotavirus pertussis (whooping cough, influenza, and that’s just to name a few. That’s a scary list right, but did you know immunizations can protect your kid from these. There are at least twelves diseases that medicine can prevent such as polio which restricts the usage of your limbs, mumps and measles which causes intense rashes and other fatal diseases like tetanus. The reason why people do not wish to protect themselves varies. There are also instances in when people have not gotten their vaccines, do not have access to the proper medication, or do not want to get immunizations. A process where people are made immune or resistant to a deadly or infectious disease is known as Immunizations. Immunization is a good way to save a massive amount of people lives. Immunizations help against disease out breaks, help kids be healthy, and help save lives.

Mump outbreaks can occur any time of year. A major factor contributing to outbreaks is being in a crowded environment, such as attending the same class, playing on the same sports team, or living or sleeping with a person who has mumps. Kissing or sharing utensils, cups, lipstick or cigarettes, might increase the spread of the virus. (CDC, 2016)

One variable of interest is the effectiveness of the mumps portion of the MMR vaccination. According to the CDC’s Mumps Vaccination site, the vaccine is effective about 88% (range: 66-95%) for two doses and about 78% (range: 49%-92%) for one dose (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016b). Has this variability in effectiveness of the vaccine contributed to the current outbreaks of mumps? Perhaps the effectiveness of the vaccination needs to be reevaluated (Marshfield Clinic, 2017).

Study of the recent mumps outbreak has involved descriptions of the signs and symptoms associated with the infected populations. The syndrome includes nonspecific findings such as fever, muscle aches, decreased appetite, as well as findings more specific to mumps infection, including painful, swollen, salivary glands (CDC, 2016a). According the the NPR report (Harris, 2016), these recent mumps outbreaks have had milder illness than that seen during outbreaks which occurred prior to widespread vaccination. For example, orchitis (painful, swollen testicles) has only affected 8 out of the over 1,000 infected males in 2016. Historically mumps also conveyed a risk of infection to the brain (encephalitis) and its surrounding tissues (meningitis)

MILLERSBURG — More than two years after a measles outbreak swept through unvaccinated populations in Holmes, Wayne and surrounding counties, details of the outbreak and the subsequent public health response recently were detailed in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Measles is a highly contagious disease, and it is an uncomfortable illness. It may be a short period of time to be affected, but some things can be permanent if left uncared for. There are many key characteristics of the illness, and the way it gets into the body is very simple, and works well.

Mumps virus is a single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Mumps is characterized by the bilateral or unilateral swelling of the parotid gland. This reemerging disease dates back to the 5th century B.C. and prior to vaccination, mumps was an epidemic disease with a cycle of 4-5 years. Despite MMR vaccinations, a sudden reemergence of cases was observed in 2005 in the United Kingdom. Most of the patients were between the ages of 19-23 and majority only been vaccinated once (Choi, 2010). Also an outbreak in the United States was reported in 2006 with over 5,800 cases. Most patients were college students between the ages of 18-24 and majority only been vaccinated twice (Choi, 2010). Both appear to not have been sufficient levels of vaccines to obtain immunity for mumps in a given population like college students (Choi, 2010).The outbreak of mumps are

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella are three serious diseases that many people do not have sufficient knowledge of. The measles are a contagious respiratory infection that can cause many serious complications. Measles are caused by a virus and is spread from person to person through the air. Mumps is a contagious disease that is caused by a virus that is spread through saliva by sneezing, coughing, etc. Rubella is a viral disease that causes a rash which can spread all over the body and is many times accompanied by a low fever. If pregnant women contract this disease, birth defects such as deafness and heart defects can occur to the fetus. This virus is spread by any contact made with an infected person. One of the first cases of the measles virus

Please know that the Mumps vaccine is required as part of the MMR vaccine, as well as it is highly encouraged if you will be traveling.

Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Inactivated Poliovirus, and Rotavirus are just a few examples of vaccines recommended for children by the Center for Disease Control. These vaccines are recommended for children in order to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases that have been controlled in recent years, eradicated from our country, or that we are hoping to prevent from being introduced. According to an article published by TIME Magazine, 1 in 10 parents choose to “opt out” of vaccinating their children according to the recommended CDC schedule. (TIME, 2011). While parents are responsible for choosing medical treatment and prevention methods for their child, many are forgetting that their choices affect not only their family unit, but the entire community they are surrounded by.

Measles is caused by a virus known as Paramyxovirus which is highly contagious. About 85% of people that are exposed to the virus are infected by it and about 95% of those people infected by the virus will develop an illness called measles(Carson-DeWitt

We have 2 types of immunity that protect us from mumps. Innate immunity our first lines of defense for example like the skin and mucous membranes. When pathogens find its way into our bodies through a cut on the skin or inhaled into the lungs(ie.mumps virus). Some white blood cells (phagocytes) fight pathogens that make it past outer defenses. Some phagocytes include neutrophils our first responders to trauma, these cells can engulf pathogens. Macrophages are also phagocytes that are able to engulf pathogens or infected cells. The other type of immunity is the adaptive an antigen specific response. The main components are two types of lymphocytes, B-cells and T-cells. The B cells produce antibodies that are used to attack intruding viruses

The Mumps virus seems to have been around since ancient times. Research says that the virus has been documented or recorded by the Hippocrates in 5th century BCE (Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases). We give credit to Johnson and Goodpasture for helping determine how the virus is spread. This particular virus has been and still is known worldwide but became a reportable disease in the United States in 1968. The history behind the Mumps is not very detailed but today we are able to prevent this disease here in the US.