Muscle Involvement In Muscle Disease

Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs when there is a long period of inactivity of the muscles or defects in motor neuron's (Reilly, Beau 2015). Defects in the motor neurons that stimulate the muscle cause the muscle mass to decrease as proteins that initiate contractions of muscle dissipate. Stimulus is not transferred to the weakened muscle fibers effectively, reducing the contractile force possible for generation from the stimulus. Muscle mass increases upon recovery, as restimulation of the muscle enlarges fiber size, thus a greater contractile force can be generated from the stimulus.

This disease affects the nerve cells by enabling them to send electric impulses to the muscles which ultimately makes the muscle wither away and stop working. The nerves targeted are actually

Myasthenia Gravis affects the neuromuscular junction. Neuromuscular junction is the connection or meeting place of the nerve and a muscle fiber. The nerves communicate with the muscle fiber by telling it to move or contract. The nerves

Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disease in which muscle fibers are usually susceptible to damage and cause muscle wasting and weakness. There are bundles of fibers that make up muscles; proteins are involved in these muscles and help to keep the muscle working properly. If

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy was first discovered in the 1860s by a French neurologist which went by the name of Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de Boulogne. Guillaume was the first to consider multiple types of muscular atrophy and paralysis which were caused by nerve disorders. He discovered that muscular atrophy was caused by a degeneration of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. During the 1860s, Duchenne de Boulogne assessed and described the progressive muscle weakness within 13 boys. Using an instrument that Guillaume, himself had developed, he was able to remove portions of tissue found deep within the body which assisted with the discovery of biopsy practices.

either be “cured” or slowed down and how doctors can and cannot tell which muscular dystrophy

Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a disease that can be defined as a group of genetic traits that includes deteriorating by the voluntary muscular and/or skeletal movements. Other organs such as the heart are another example of an involuntary muscle that can easily be affected by the disease. Muscular Dystrophy can effect anyone - child or infant, and even middle age to older adults. The overall severity of the disease depends on when it decides to show up. Some factors are simply the age of the individual, the current condition or strength of their muscles, how fast the disease progresses, and as well genes. Most do are not fully aware of the severity of the disease, nor do they know that there are nine different types out there. Some types of Muscular Dystrophy affect males.

A neuromuscular disease that causes damages to the muscles over time is called muscular dystrophy. This disease is genetically passed down from generation to generation. The cause of the muscle weakness is a lack of protein called dystrophin. This is how they named it muscular dystrophy. This protein causes a numerous of problems for people who have this disease. The disease is only in males, especially the younger male. There are a lot of types of muscular dystrophy. The most common ones are Duchenne, Becker, and Congenital to name a few. Causes, the different types, symptoms, the treatment will all be explained more in depth on the disease more into the paper, so you can get a better understanding of the medical

As stated in the case study, the reason why the symptoms are muscular is that the nerves that control the muscles begin to function improperly and die off. Once the nerves die, the muscles aren’t being used anymore and begin to atrophy, leading to the lack of muscular function seen in Cecil’s journal (Fleming, 2012). Similar to question 2, ALS symptoms have to do with nerve cells. The nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary movement (called motor neurons) degenerate and die. This causes a lack of voluntary muscle control, which is evidenced by the symptoms of the disease (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2014).

Pathophysiology: This form of muscular disease is caused by a deficiency in motor neuron proteins called SMN or survival of motor neurons. These proteins are necessary for normal motor neuron function. The deficiency is caused by a mutation on chromosome 5 in the gene called SMN1 most commonly. The adjacent SMN2 genes can sometimes compensate for deficient SMN1 genes. Recent research has found that the lack of SMN may, also, affect muscle tissue directly and not just motor neurons.

Myasthenia Gravis is a weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control. This disease is caused by an interruption in communication between nerves and muscles at the neuromuscular junction; this is the place where nerve cells connect with the muscles they control. The muscle weakness increases through periods of activity and then improves during rest. For example, muscles that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing, these are the most often muscles affected. Other muscles that can be affected are muscles that control breathing and neck and limb movement can be affected. Symptoms include, difficulty swallowing, double vision, unsteady walk, weakness in arm and leg muscles, and difficulties

The genetic disease known as Muscular Dystrophy first appeared in history in the year 1830. It was included in a written report by the Scottish Neurologist Sir Charles Bell. The disease soon became more prominent, where it appeared in several medical journals from the 1850’s and onwards. Several young boys were described as having a weakness which progressively worsened, along with problems walking. The disease led to their eventual premature deaths. A French Neurologist known as Guillaume Duchenne studied 13 boys who all had the most common and severe form of Muscular Dystrophy, soon to be known as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (NIH 2016). Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 genetic diseases including Distal MD, Emery-Dreifuss MD, Facioscapulohumeral MD, Limb-girdle MD, Becker MD, Congenital MD, Myotonic MD and Oculopharyngeal MD. This review however will just focus on Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

central nervous system disorders such as cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury (spina bifida); motor neuron disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy; peripheral nerve disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; neuromuscular junction disorders such as congenital myasthenia gravis; and muscle fiber disorders such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy currently have no known definitive treatments or cures (p. 163).

Muscles are responsible for the movements of the human body. There are over 700 named and they muscles take up about half of your body weight. Muscles come in all different types, here are three types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones through tendons and move them by contracting and relaxing in response to signals from your nervous system.

In this study, skeletal muscle-specific force, maximal isometric force per cross-sectional area of the muscle, concentric force, contractile properties, activation capacity and the structural characteristics of the muscle were tested. The results showed through the measures of body composition and physical function. (Jordan, what were you trying to say here? I’m a tad confused.)