Muscle Protein Synthesis: A Natural Process

The biological value in whey protein enhances the body’s ability to absorb essential amino acids after resistance training decreasing the athlete’s recovery time. When athletes combine whey protein and creatine monohydrate they expect “a greater increase in lean tissue mass and muscular strength than supplementations with whey protein alone” (Burke, Chilibeck, Davison, Candow, Farthing, & Smith-Palmer 2001, p 350). Exogenous Cr supplementation increases the body’s Cr levels until saturation occurs. This saturation of Cr increases the PCK shuttle continuum allowing training intensity, volume, and duration of the exercise the athlete is performing to continue at a maximum rate. Any excess Cr in the blood is cleared through sweat, urination or renal filtration. Measurements in strength and peak torques of athletes supplementing with whey protein and creatine monohydrate (WC), whey protein (W), and a placebo (P) were taken. According to Burke et al, (2001) “repeated measure analysis of variance was used to assess changes in body composition, strength, and peak torque for the three groups (WC vs. W vs. P) across time” (p. 354). A twelve week strength training program was constructed and consisted of a “4-day split routine involving whole body musculature” (Burke et al, 2001. p 352). Subjects used detailed training logs to compare progress over the 12 week experiment. The end result from this experiment shows that subjects who “supplemented with both creatine and whey

Genes expression is what encodes many proteins to give function to a cell. It involves many steps that mostly include transcription and translation. Transcription alone does not play a role in gene expression (Erster Lect. 24). There are many post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that have been found to be involved. These mechanisms are a part of RNA processing. One of this can occur through alternative splicing. This is when exons of the same gene are spliced together to produce different mRNA molecules (Reece, et al. 372). Regulating gene expression also occurs during translation. mRNA lifespan within the cytoplasm is significant when it comes to determining the arrangement of protein synthesis. These mRNA molecules tend to be degraded by enzymes moments

About majority of the human muscles are made up of protein. Protein intake is applicable in those scenarios where an individual is not building muscle fast enough. For a proper dose add 1g or protein per pound which means if you have 150 pounds you must consume 150 g of protein each day to accelerate the process of muscle building. The dynamic behind it simple, protein synthesis in muscles when get started you will ultimately begin to develop new muscle mass. In case if you perform heavy workout, things will be ideal for you.

To build muscles, you need protein. To build muscles, you must maintain a sufficient amount of protein. Your body alone does not produce enough protein and that's why we need to find other sources, such as a high protein diet or a protein supplement, to provide the protein our body needs. Proteins will create body heat and speed up your metabolism. As a result, protein affects your metabolism which is more than fat or carbohydrates. This explains why the muscle mass is stronger than the fat. Exercise will change the metabolism of a person's protein. The amount of exercise a person does is fully understood by any protein provided by his

Protein is an foremost component for growing strong and healthy muscle mass. Except for developing strong muscle tissue, protein can be predominant for the progress of healthy hair, nails, tendons and ligaments. It promotes a healthful vital fearful system. Protein additionally aids in water retention of the muscles, making them more elastic and more suitable. That is the reason why a variety of

As soon as the body is strained, the survival system is going to begin working, and the body will react by repairing the muscle tissue. This procedure of repair actually commences as soon as you cease working out. As the human body is trying to keep you alive and also in good health, it will now rebuild the muscles larger and more powerful, as a way to guard it against a similar danger in the future. So this expanded size and strength is a natural evolutionary reply to the micro-tears, and the entire body tries to repair broken tissue brought on by strength training.

Muscles are in a constant state or activity. They are either breaking down, or developing, and what you are consuming and doing identifies which procedure is going on at all times. Simply put, if muscle protein synthesis is not occurring, the muscles are breaking down.

The next question that needs to be asked is what happens to protein after exercise. In the previous section, it was discussed that there is protein synthesis and protein breakdown and it is controlled by glycogen. In a review article Tipton and Wolfe (2001), explain there are three factors that play a role in protein synthesis: type of exercise performed, intensity, and condition. The goal of training is to get better so understanding the best way to stimulate protein synthesis is important. In resistance training, this is important because protein helps rebuild the

The objective is to pick a meal with some quick carbs to digest and quickly digestible protein to kick start your muscle repair. The increased levels of amino acids and carbs promotes an insulin spike and gets those nutrients back in your system to help repair the tissue you just broke down during your workout.

2. How do the products of alternative splicing differ and how are they similar? (1 pt)

** The Low vs. High column shows how each protein band was influenced by the salt. If band was present in both conditions, it was noted what condition had and increase or if they were equal.

As previously mentioned, WPHs are pre-digested to a degree, meaning that the resulting amino acids are more quickly distributed to skeletal muscles. This positively impacts the rate of rate of muscle protein synthesis after exercise. The way this process works is broken into two main steps – transcription and translation (Editors, 2011). In transcription, DNA is “unzipped” (opened), and with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase, messenger RNA, or mRNA, is created by pairing complementary nucleotides using the DNA as an “instructional template”. This step does not require amino acids, but is necessary to briefly mention in order to give context to the second step.

According to Modern Biology textbook, “The combination of of glycolysis and aerobic respiration pathways, which generate NAD+, is known as fermentation” (Postlethwait, 2006, p. 132). The two most common fermentation processes are Lactic Acid and Alcoholic. The fermentation in muscle cells is lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation is defined by the Modern Biology textbook as “an enzyme converts pyruvic acid made during glycolysis into another three-carbon compound, called lactic acid ”(Postlethwait, 2006, p. 134).

Testosterone acts by increasing muscle protein synthesis without having any effect on protein breakdown (Mattusch , Dufaux, &Heine,2000).

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake, breakdown, and stores it as glycogen in muscle and fat tissue. Insulin also inhibits lipolysis and ketogenesis, glycogenolysis, proteolysis and gluconeogenesis from releasing glucose in the bloodstream when there is an elevation of glucose in the blood. Insulin allows amino acid to be taken into tissue for protein synthesis.