Muscle Strength Lab Report

Six different subjects all between the age of 21-25 from all different physical levels performed four experiments. Each experiment consisted of two sessions a warm-up and lifting both a 10 lbs and 15 lbs dumbbell with a two-minute break between the two loads. The warm-ups were bicep stretches, which involve three different stretches and lasted for about 30 seconds each for a two-minute stretch, cardio, which included step up until max heart rate was

a. In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will not put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then be measured for its range of motion. Next, the same must be done with the selected joint, but in contrast, the other joint must be placed in the position which WILL further constrain the bi-articular structure. Once that has been done, the selected joint’s range of motion must be measured once more.

According to the results, the time of prior exercise and the average number of cycles after the exercise were inversely proportional. The time of prior exercise assumed to be approximately proportional to the amount of exercise. Also, the number of cycles presumed to be inversely proportional to muscle fatigue. This is because greater muscle fatigue would prevent faster rate of muscle contraction, this would result in performing a lower number of cycles during a given period. Hence, based on the graph, it was inferred that the amount of previous exercise and muscle fatigue would have a positive linear relationship. This implies that as the amount of previous exercise increased the macule fatigue increased accordingly.

Ayalon A, Inbar O, Bar-Or O (1974) Relationships Among Measurements of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power. Series in Sports Science, Vol 1: 572-577

The study design of the research took place within a span of nine weeks. Before and after the nine weeks of resistance training, several tests were administered to determine the level of muscular strength, jumping ability, sprinting ability, RFD, etc. as they were all much needed requirements specific to the job of firefighting. Other factors were also considered, including height, mass, and size of limbs and chest. Upper and lower bodies of the participants were measured via barbell squats and bench press exercises, using the 1RM method until failure. The values were then recorded. Jumping ability was measured using both vertical and horizontal jumping exercises performed in three to five trials. Warm-ups were performed before the test. RFD or rate of muscular development was measured with a calibrated position transducer which utilized the three values from the upper and lower body 1RPM tests. A TENDO unit cord was used during these tests. These tests were administered throughout the span of over a week in

In this lab, the focus was to study muscular fitness. In muscular fitness, there are two main components of measurements that are being taken, which are muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is an individual’s ability to exert their maximum force. To test muscular strength, there are multiple tests such as 1 RM , Static Handgrip Strength, and Back Strength Dynamometer test. Muscular endurance is an individual’s ability to sustain prolonged muscular contractions. Tests that reveal results about an individual’s muscular endurance would be tests such as YMCA Submaximal Bench Press, Push-Up, and Plank test. It is important to remember that there is no single test for endurance and strength that will tell an

First, the manual muscle test (MMT) established by Daniels and Worthingham evaluates muscle strength in six stages, ranging from 0 (no muscle contraction) to 5 (able to resist strong resistance). The hip joint flexor muscle strength and knee joint extensor muscle strength on the affected side were measured, and the average of the two measurements was used in the analysis. Second, the motor age test (MAT) is based on an evaluation table in which typical motor items in normal childhood development are converted into scores. Scores are allocated to individual motor items. The score varies from 0 to 72 points (or 0–72 months), where 72 points represents the greatest motor ability. Third, Katz’s index (KI) is basic motions of daily living activity in a hospital room were evaluated at the time of initiation of exercise in a rehabilitation room. The KI evaluates whether the patient can perform the following six items, by themselves or with assistance, bathing, dressing, going to the lavatory, movement, self-control of urination and defecation, and eating meals. The evaluation is made using seven categories, from A (all items are performed independently) to G (all items need assistance), based on the number of items performed

Besides hand length, some other factors could also affect the strength of hand grip. Thus this experiment is done to investigate if athletes’ strong upper limb muscles also contribute to their high grip strength. The difference in the maximum right hand grip strength between college athletes and non-athletes were compared. The null hypothesis is that the maximum right hand grip strength is the same for college athletes and non-athletes. The alternative hypothesis is that the maximum right hand grip strength is different between college athletes and non-athletes.

The purpose of this experiment was to identify which flexibility measurement tests correlate with the sit-and-reach and modified sit-and-reach tests. In more recent studies, statistics have shown that both hip flexion test results and shoulder extension test results were directly correlated to modified sit-and-reach test results (Mayorga-Vega, Merino-Marban, and Viciana, 2014). The data gathered for the sample

Participants in this study were healthy men and women ages 18-24. There were several criterions the participants had to meet before partaking in the study. Each individual had to successfully barbell back squat their own body weight for 1 repetition. Also participants were constantly observed by strength and conditioning coaches to ensure proper technique was applied to the barbell back squat. Lastly participants must have previously

About.com., 2013. Sports Medicine. [online] Endurance Training for Sports - What is Cardiovascular and Aerobic Fitness? Available at: [Assessed 15 May 2013].

As humans grow older, both muscle mass and bone density decrease. This deterioration of muscle mass, also known as sarcopenia, is often accompanied by a loss of function and strength. This significant loss of muscle that occurs with aging can impair functional ability for the elder population, which can include everyday tasks such as opening a jar, walking down stairs, or bending down to pick an item up. The most practical approach to combat deteriorated muscles is to incorporate some type of strength or resistance training into the daily schedule. One of the strength methods tested was explosive-type heavy resistance training, which may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women (Holsgaard-Larsen, Caserotti,

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(3), 503-509. Retrieved September 5, 2014, from http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2003/08000/Concurrent_Strength_and_Endurance_Training__The.13.aspx

Tortora, G. J., & Nielsen, M. T. (2015). Principles of human anatomy (13th ed.). New York:

In the case of Anne Morrell there are several normal physiologically changes that impact her quality of life. Anne is experiencing normal aging related changes to her musculoskeletal system. Changes in musculoskeletal tissue occur through the loss of muscle mass and strength which replace lean body mass which fat and fibrous tissue. These changes in tissue cause a decrease in contractile muscle force with increased weakness and fatigue (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer, & Zwicker, 2012). As discussed in her case study she reports back pain when standing or walking for longer than 15 minutes, needs assistance with steps, ambulates with a cane since she fell last year which affects her mobility and ability to perform her activities of daily living. This loss in Anne’s muscle function greatly increases her chance of falls and she also has an increased risk for disability.