Muscles: A Case Study

1 . Describe the Major bones, muscles,joints and joint actions used to perform this movement skill and how they influence the way the body moves.

The hamstrings contract eccentrically acting as the synergist and help the flexion of the hip to occur. The Rectus femoris of the quadriceps contract eccentrically to help flex the hip, they are co-contracting with the hamstrings. The hip flexors may contract rapidly to stabalise the body on the way down if there is a loss of balance (Wynsberghe et al., 1995). The adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor Magnus contract isometrically to prevent adduction and abduction. The Sartorius muscle contracts eccentrically to cause flexion and abduction at the knee. The sartoris originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts onto the tibia. The adductor and abductor muscles at the hip joint contract to prevent movement that may cause injury (Tortora and Derrickson, 2009).

The anatomy and physiology of the human body explains that muscles are attached to the skeleton. They work like hinges or levers to pull or move particular joints when a muscle contracts, pulling the joint in the direction it is designed to move. Parts of muscles move antagonistically, that is, when one contracts, its opposite member relaxes to allow movement. Muscles can become slack, making movement slower and more difficult.

In this phase the athlete is standing in a neutral position holding the ball. The metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal (great and lesser toes) are held at slight flexion pressed against the ground by an isometric contraction of the flexor halluces longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus. The ankle is plantar flexed using an isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The tibiofermoral (knee) joints are slightly flexed by a isomectric contraction of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius). The acetabularfemoral (hip) joint is held at a postion of slight flexion through an isometric contraction of the biceps femoris, pectineus, iliacus, and the psoas. The intervertebral (lumbar) joint is extended by an isometric contraction using the erector spinae. The atlantooccipital (cervical spine) joint is flexed by an isometric contraction erector spinae. Both scapulothroracic (shoulder girdle) joint is protracted by an isometric contraction of the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor. The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is at internal rotation by an isometric contraction using the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and the subscapularius. The humeroulnar (elbow) joint is at 90 degrees of flexion by an isometric contraction using the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis. The radiocarpal (wrist left and right)

during these movements, the angles of those joints, as well as the muscles involved during the

Shoulder flexion/extension; Elbow flexion and extension; Use of the lower and upper back. Muscles involved include the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, trapezius, deltoids and the pectorals.

The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.

Does this mean that it’s the best immune support for you? I feel comfortable recommending it, but you have to choose for you. Unless you have another proven immune supplement you trust, do you see the value of muscle testing?

Anticipatory postural adjustments in the trunk are executed before or along with a focal movement of

example of this is the trapezius muscle contracting to stabilise the scapula to create a rigid

Those arrangements are the agonist, antagonist, and synergists which are responsible for the production of movements. Agonists muscle are also known as “prime movers or bicep brachii” they produce the main movement or sequences of movements via their own contractions in order to create a movement. Agonist muscles are usually organized in a way where they cross a joint through the tendon (Boundless, 2016). Antagonist muscles perform as opposing muscles to agonists. This means that they are responsible for returning the limb(s) to its original resting position. Synergist muscles are in control around a moveable joint to produce motion similar to the agonist muscles. They are responsible for the reduction of excessive force to create smooth muscle movements and they are also referred to as neutralizers (Boundless, 2016). Whenever, it is that the muscles contract they will pull on the bones in which they are attached in order to produce movement in the

The only experiment in which we found any evidence that a bias was transferred to the other limb was experiment 2, where the movement of the cursor and wrist were dissociated, making it possible that spatial attention could have affected the magnitude of the effect. It is well established that a skill acquired with one limb can be transferred to the other limb and that this effect depends on M1 activity (Lee et al., 2010). However, skills transfer is very rarely complete (Poh et al., 2016), making it more difficult to observe an effect of similar magnitude on the limb that did not execute unilateral contractions within the short time scale of our experiments. This problem is worsened by the fact that in average, across all experiments, the bias observed on the side performing unilateral contractions was only 6 degrees, which assuming a partial transfer of 50%, would amount to a 3º bias. Moreover, even though the critical involvement of the M1 in skill transfer is clear (Lee et al., 2010), one cannot completely discard that adaptations below M1 may also contribute somewhat to directional biases (Classen et al., 1998), making the magnitude of the possible transfer effect even smaller. Therefore, if use-dependent biases can be transferred to the non-trained limb on the short time scale employed in our studies, the rate of

2: centring- its important to find the centre of the powerful core muscles. Everybody has a centre of gravity, this is just below the navel, this is where the pelvis meets the spine.

The connection between movement and awareness all comes down to concentration. When you are in the starting position is it imperative that you know which muscles you need to use, what breathing pattern is involved, and the configuration of the body. Concentrating on the breathing pattern and configuration of the body when it comes to alignment helps with dodging preventable tension on the body, and sustaining a pace for keeping the mind attentive, and the movement that is being done. Once concentration is in place one would then center

When well-learned motor skills fail such as an “athlete choking under pressure”, or a “gamer momentarily forgets how to hot-key. It is thought that when these things happen, but gamer or athlete is way too focused on the the execution of the action instead of just doing the action. Research findings have found that this inferior performance depend greatly on the left hemispheric activation.