Long distance running requires the use of many major muscle groups for performance. Some of the major muscles used during running include the quadricep muscles, hamstrings, soleus (inner calf muscles), gastrocnemius (outer calf muscles), hip flexors, and the gluteal muscles. The use of these muscles are powered by high amounts of oxygen in order to go for long periods of time. This form of exercise is aerobic because it uses the cardiorespiratory system to obtain oxygen in order to sustain physical activity. Oxygen use during long distance running is essential because it is used to burn fats and glucose creating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as a basic energy cell carrier for the body. Long distance running is also continuous in nature because
These are the smallest of the muscle fibres. These will be red in colour as they have a good blood supply and will also have a dense network of blood vessels. They also contain many mitochondria to make them more efficient at producing energy using oxygen. They contract slowly and also fatigue slowly suiting them best to aerobic endurance activities such as the 10,000m. These fibres are most effective during the middle part of the race when the athlete has found a constant speed, allowing the muscles to work for longer, as they are not being over-exerted. This is because they give there energy over a long period of time allowing the athlete to run for a sustained period of time. They are also slow to fatigue because they have an incredibly high aerobic capacity, meaning the athlete will be able to run long distances without feeling tired. To be able run a long distances, the
A journal published by Allen, Lännergren, and Westerblad (2002) of the American Physiological Society, claimed that during the process of intracellular acidosis, lactic acid is the main cause of skeletal muscle fatigue. However, studies show that inorganic phosphate also contributed to the decline of contractile function in skeletal muscle. This research further explained that high-intensity exercise surpasses the aerobic capacity and the significant amount of adenosine triphosphate required would then be derived from anaerobic cellular respiration (Westerblad, Allen, & Lännergren, 2002).
All systems are used simultaneously when an athlete competes in a 100m track event, but to varying degrees. As sprinting is an explosive, high intensity event, the 100 metre track athlete will predominantly use the anaerobic energy system, specifically the ATP-PC energy system, as well as the lactic acid system. This means that for the ATP and Lactic acid system they will not require oxygen. The fuel from the muscle is initially found within the muscle. These systems require no oxygen. The ATP system usually lasts from 12-15 seconds, and a 100 metre track runner will usually run in 10-12 seconds. The efficiency of this is system is very fast and very short as the duration of high intensity contractions used for sprinting only last between
1.The 100m sprint is an anaerobic exercise of maximal intensity for a sub 10 seconds duration with energy coming predominately from the Phosphagen energy system with the glycolytic energy system also contributing. Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) that is stored in skeletal muscles and is used to power muscular activity (4).
During respiration glucose from food is added to oxygen to form ATP,C02, and H20. During exercise, glucose and oxygen are used at a much faster rate due to increased muscle contractions. There are two types of respiration; aerobic and anaerobic. During aerobic respiration,glucose is added to oxygen to produce CO2,H20, and 38 ATP molecules. However, during high-intensity exercise,the oxygen supply is less than the demand. Because of this, anaerobic respiration takes over. This type of respiration can occur without oxygen, however ,it only produces 2 ATP molecules in comparison to 38. In addition
During an exercise, changes occur in the oxygen and carbon dioxide level in the blood. The muscles cells start using up quickly oxygen in the blood as a result of the exercise making them to demand for more. More carbon dioxide are produced as a waste product from the respiring muscle cells which has to be taken away through expiration by breathing harder and faster.
Spectators at sporting events come to watch athletes compete at their best during a game or meet. However, there is more to sports than just “playing the game”, “running the course”, “performing”, or whatever the case may be. Athletes understand how important sport specific workouts are; cross country is one sport that focuses on this. Most people think that “all you do is run”, although running is indeed the task, it takes a combinations of different workouts to build up an athlete’s body in order to be race ready. It is beneficial for cross country runners to do workouts that focus on speed, strength, and endurance.
Muscular endurance is very important for people playing sports and who have to sustain an activity for long periods of time. Muscular endurance is determined by how well your slow twitch muscle fibers are developed. In case your wondering what slow twitch muscle fibers are, I will explain. There are generally two types of muscle fibers in your body, slow twitch and fast twitch. Slow twitch muscle fibers cannot exert as much force as fast twitch, but can sustain an effort over a much greater period of time. Fast twitch muscle fibers can exert a great amount of force but for a very limited amount of time. Therefore, slow twitch equals endurance, while fast twitch equals strength.
The respiratory muscles will increase in strength as we do exercise and constantly use our respiratory muscles. The muscles like diaphragm and intercostals muscles. Also there will be an increase in diffusion rate that happens in our alveoli, blood vessels and in our lungs. Diffusion rate is how long it takes for the oxygen to be transferred from lungs to blood and then from blood to muscles. During exercise our body is in need of more oxygen, and as we exercise our body and muscles need more oxygen to get diffused into muscles so they can function properly. As a result of long term training the diffuse rate in our body gets better and becomes faster as the heart works more efficiently and more blood can be shunted round
Many people know when you exercise for long periods of time; your breathing becomes more shallow and quick. The main human organ system used when exercising is the respiratory system. There are two types of respiration your body can carry out, aerobic, with oxygen, and anaerobic, without. The reason for getting tired from exercise is because when the body runs out of the oxygen it needs, anaerobic
The body needs more oxygen during exercise because the muscles need to produce more energy for the body to become more active. During exercise, the body’s muscles send messages to the brain that they require more oxygen. Then the brain sends signals to the diaphragm and the muscles between the ribs, which are the muscles responsible for controlling breathing, and allows them to shorten and relax more often. Clearly, an active body needs more oxygen than a body at rest. The reason for this is because of a complex chemical process in your muscles and your bloodstream.
In running the rear leg muscles are much stronger than the front muscles as they just go along for the ride. To remedy this we must do some strengthening exercises to prevent injury. Preventative medicine is always ten times better than trying to recover from an injury. The after affects can really put a damper on your overall training. In this article you'll find some exercises to counter the weaker front muscles with the back muscles.
The long-term response of the respiratory system to exercise involves the fact that there is an increase in overall efficiency of the respiratory system. Gathering, transporting and the delivery of oxygen to the working muscles is a lot more efficient than before. The VO2 max also improves. This calculates the body’s ability for oxygen consumption during maximal exercise. (Seeley, R. et al. 2013)
Sports - The muscles use the phosphocreatine energy system, also known as the anaerobic alactic system, during the first 10 seconds of sustained muscle contraction. It is anaerobic because it doesn't require oxygen to function. The energy system that powers muscle contraction uses ATP - adenosine triphosphate.
The molecule, hemoglobin, carries oxygen to and from the muscles. Hemoglobin, allows the muscles to work harder for a longer period of time, so it is beneficial to have more. The higher aerobic capacity, gives men the advantage over women when running events over 800 meters.