Music from All over the World Presents a Range of Musical Theories. Some of These Are Documented in Writing Whilst Others Are Transmitted Orally. Discuss and Give Examples with Reference to Both Western and Non-Western Music.

While the history of choral assembly quite a broad field, this should show the variety between ancient choral music and that of the common era. With this understanding in mind, therefore, one can enter the discussion of communication with amenable thought.

The organ was known as the king of musical instrument, because it is bigger than any other musical instrument. It was said to gives resonance to the fullness of human sentiments, from joy to sadness, from praise to lamentation. This instrument great range of sounds, from smooth to thundering makes in superior to any other. The manifold possibilities of the organ in some ways are endless. It is also known as the oldest keyboard instrument and the most complex instrument ever constructed. During the middle ages, the organ were still required in the large Gothic cathedrals of that time but within churches the smaller positive organ was sufficient. Pipes, arranged in rows known as ranks, were of varied length, shape and material: variables that

Palestrina’s Gloria employs a homophonic setting with six voices divided into various combinations that allows for groups of three- and four-voice choirs. This division of the voices is evidence of an influence from a polychoral technique known as cori spezzati.

Music became an “essential part of civic, religious, and courtly life.” With everyone finally getting to have a full taste of the music world, patronage became far more common. Not only did both the Protestant and Catholic churches now provided patronage, but also “wealthy amateurs, and music printing - all were sources of income for composers.” With the creation of new instruments, instrumental music began to develop and become on par in importance with vocal music, showing how new cultural changes had occurred for the Renaissance society through its transition to instrumental

Gregorian chant is a rhythmically-free, unaccompanied, and monophonic form of plainchant developed out of the Western Roman liturgy between the 8th and 9th centuries. While the form’s inception is often credited to Pope St. Gregory I, much of the evolution of the chant style derived from the merging of Frankish cantor practices and chant mandates given by the Roman clergy during the Carolingia period. The performance practices of this style of chant through the liturgy’s set church modes can be responsorial, antiphonal, or direct in approach by the make of the congregation. Through the nature of text setting at this time period, chant can be melismatic, syllabic, or neumatic in melodic line and either performed solo or alongside a drone. This

The voice is a crucial tool within the history of sound as it appears in so many different, interconnected forms and disguises. An experience of voice auditory within history generally can be experienced through different movements that can be observed with regards to the figure of voice. The voice in terms of presence and sound helps in understanding the voice also in terms of techniques and manipulations. These terms presented are influenced within countless vocal techniques and manipulations with properties of time and spatial aspects. How it effects the voice through these aspects can also give the reality or even illusion of times and space, and how it navigates through it.

In his letter to the Emperor Trajan, dated 113, Pliny the Younger offers a glimpse into the life and practice of the early Christian community within the Roman province of Bithynia. This ancient document provides what David Music calls, "one of the earliest post-New Testament references to Christian singing." Certainly, the Old Testament, and New Testament point to the practice as well, (2 Samuel 22:1-51, Matthew 26:30), indicate that the expression of song has consistently operated at the heart of the liturgical, communal, and devotional life of God 's people. In fact, without the utterance of song, religious worship becomes sterile, in many respects, devoid of divine artistic expression. This journey of thought will seek to explore views on hymnology and song by looking in great detail firstly at Augustine 's position with regard to music as seen in book (10.33.49 - 10.33.50) of the Confessions, secondly, at the introduction to his homily on Psalm 119:The Ascents of the Christian, and finally, I will make the claim that Augustine 's experiences with Manichaeism and Neo-platonism had a tremendous influence on his philosophical and ideological position with regard to music.

Music has evolved too many different forms that we recognize today. We trace this development throughout time. Beginning in the middle ages, we have seen advancement from the Gregorian chant all the way to the Jazz of the 20th century. The current events, politics, religion, technology and composers can shape musical eras during time. Here I will look at the middle ages, renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic and twentieth century periods. I hope that a better understanding can be reached to why, when, where and who are the reasons for musical evolution.

Music in the Middle Ages was generally monophonic, meaning it had a single melodic line. Sacred voice

In the Musica Enchiriadis “musical handbook”, Organum consisted of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note. Organum changed the way of music for the medieval people;

In Seminar in World Music, we explored the basic development of music in the different cultures. In this class, we explored music throughout the world. Each culture has its own unique evolution, and this class gave us an introduction to 11 different cultures and the development of the music in that area of their musical forms. Music of China, Japan, Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, The Caribbean, Indian, and Native America are some of the different cultures that we focused on throughout the course of the semester. The history and development of the music in these different cultures have influenced Western art music as we know it today.

When dissecting music, we mainly tend to pay attention to its ethnicity, culture, whether or not its indigenous, traditional or tribal. World music is flavoured by native music culture. Often native music is considered sacred or used to dissolve egos and ignite their awareness of spiritual fire!

Music, over the years, has introduced new sounds and patterns into our everyday lives. From belting out your favorite song in the shower to quietly tapping your foot to the new song on the radio. The long and winding path torn from music’s origin has expanded through time to today’s modern music. Modern music consists of contemporary ideas and traditional tunes with a twist.

One of the basic ideas defining music is outlined in the Professor Michael B. Bakan’s second proposition: that the sounds and lack of sounds of a musical work are organized. Throughout the past years, many professors of ethnomusicology and music in general have attempted to define exactly what music is. Although there was and is a lot of discussion on the matter, most researchers began with the notion that music is essentially organized sound. However, there are cases where sounds are organized but humans do not consider them as music. Some of these instances include speech, poetry, and natural sounds. Due to this primitive and elementary basis that music is organized sound, researchers have attempted to create conditions or categories which music falls into. Despite the conflicting opinions on the different characteristics, I, along with most researchers, believe that although music is indeed a form of organized sounds and silences, this definition is too broad to accurately define music.

We were given a lot of freedom to pick a topic of our choice, and for this I especially wanted to do something that was related to music. For this report, the main topic will be ‘Frequency, Pitch and Harmony’; this report will explain the maths behind this, how sound waves are connected, Pythagoras and his involvement and a brief history of maths and its link with music.