Muslims Of The Third Crusade : Saint Or Saladin?

Many have priorly stated that history repeats itself time and time again. This can be seen throughout history but, especially so during the Crusades. This paper will discuss the parallels between the First and Fourth Crusade. We will also take a brief look at the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade and how it compares to the aftermath of the Second Crusade.

Pope Urban II told his people that they needed to recapture the Holy Lands from the muslims. Saladin, a Muslim king that conquered the first Crusader Kingdom in Jerusalem, gave a speech saying “Now God has reserved the merit of its recovery for one house the house of the sons of Saladin’s family, to unite all hearts in appreciation of its members.” Pope Urban

The beginning of this Crusade was marked by the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin. He was a proponent leader that led with his hatred of people that were considered unbelievers, but he also had kindness and some would even say compassion towards some people. He was born in 1138 and died in 1193 at the age of 55. After Saladin had captured The Holy Land in 1187 the Christians once again made it their mission to recapture it. The Christians of the West did once again fail to retake the city of Jerusalem; their main goal in this whole endeavour. They were however able to capture the city of Jaffa and the city of Acre. What happened next was very interesting, after realizing that they wouldn’t be able to capture Jerusalem Richard “The Lion Heart” and Saladin signed a peace treaty of sorts, it was called the Treaty of Ramla. The peace treaty stated that Jerusalem would remain under the control of the Muslims but Christian visitors, pilgrims, merchants, etc were allowed to visit so long as they were

The Christian had a weak hold on the holy land for nearly a century when Saladin began uniting the Muslim armies. When the Christians and Muslims met at the battle of Hattin, the Muslims were able to win because of Saladin. This was the turning point for the crusades because three months later the Muslims conquered the city of Jerusalem.

he subject of the crusades is still a very controversial topic that spans across various time periods and has religious, social, and political implications. The first crusade started off as a widespread pilgrimage that ended as a military expedition resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem in 1099. The crusades initiated from a call from help from Alexius for the protection of Constantinople and the recovery of Anatolia. For centuries textbooks have repeated with routine regularity, that the immediate cause, of the Crusades was the Turkish conquest of the Near East, which apparently was a very real threat to Christendom, that had to be countered by military action. With this in mind, the primary purpose of this essay is to identify the various reasons that contributed to the start of the first crusade, while disproving the fact that the first Crusade was a response to a military threat. In discovering the true cause of the first crusades it is necessary to examine it from all aspects from the start to the finish.

Jerusalem has been controlled by the enemy for ninety-one years, during which time God received nothing from us here in the way of adoration... Now God has reserved the merit of its recovery for one house... In order to unite all hearts..." The excerpt shows another uses religion as another pull factor for men to fight in the Crusades by stating that God received no praise since the enemy (the Franks) have been in Jerusalem. Saladin is using his religion to try and recruit men to take back the holy land from the Franks, by saying they are the enemy of God himself, and he also gives his men hope that they can succeed by hinting at the fact that God will give them the strength to fight their great

Turkish slaughter of 3000 Christians in the Holy City was the beginning of the long, awful number of brutal events in the Crusades. After the Emperor of The Byzantine, was menaced by the Seljuk Turks, he was forced to request aid from the west, and the Western European’s reply was instantaneous, “On November 1095, Pope Urban II calls for a Ccrusade in a famous speech at the Council Of Clermont” (Cline). The appeal by Pope Urban II was the thing that lit up the beginning of the First Crusade, putting a will to fight in the heart of the Christians, to recover the Holy Lands. Although there were nine crusades in total. People are likely to consider the first crusade to be the most important, because it was the beginning of the Crusades.

The First Crusade was called in 1095 by Pope Urban II in November. It was here that the Pope made a proposal: “Whoever for devotion alone, but not to gain honour or money, goes to Jerusalem to liberate the Church of God can substitute this journey for all penane” (Phillips, 21). Pope Urban II saw the first crusade as a chance for knights to direct their energy towards a spiritually rewarding experience, namely the recovery of the Holy City of Jerusalem from Islam. Knights were told that in return for their efforts their sins

Frederick Barbarossa died. Phillip returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in 1191. Richard led many organizations against Jerusalem. He also failed to retake the city. The peace treaty was that Saladin’s Muslim empire kept control of the Jerusalem and let Christians visit the city.

The Third Crusade is one of the most famous Crusades in history. This essay will examine the success of this crusade through the perspective of the European force. The Third Crusade was aptly named because it was the third wave of religious soldiers to travel to the modern day Middle East and wage a war for the holy city of Jerusalem. There is a certain level of multiple causation that can be gleaned from the beginnings of this Crusade. First, Richard I had recently become king after his father Henry of England died in 1188 which may have pushed Richard to do something to prove himself to the English people. There was also the ceaseless pressure of to reclaim Jerusalem for the Christians, especially after their recent loss of the city and terrible loss at Hattin.

In 1187, Saladin began a huge campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. his troops basically destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory. Outrage over these defeats fired up the Third Crusade, led by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England. In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it was the only true battle of the Third Crusade. From the city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that established the Kingdom of Jerusalem and ended the Third

Patrick Geary’s “Readings in Medieval History” contains four accounts of the invasion of the Middle East by the Europeans in 1095 A.D. These accounts all cite different motives for the first crusade, and all the accounts are from the perspective of different sides of the war. The accounts all serve to widen our perspective, we hear from the Christian and Middle Eastern side of the conflict. Fulcher of Chartres claims, Pope Urban the Second urged all Christians to intervene in the “East” at the council of Claremont, saying it was a sign of “Strength of good will”. (Readings in Medieval History, Geary, page 396).

Through the deliverance of a speech the former Pope Urban II incited Catholics all over Europe to take action in reclaiming the Holy city of Jerusalem from the Muslims in the Middle East. It was in this year,1095, that the beginning of the first, of nine, Crusades and thus the first series of religious wars between the Catholics and Muslims begun. The focus of this paper will remain on the Third Crusade (1189-1192 A.D)- more specifically the actions of ‘Islam’s Warrior Hero’ Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb who was better known to the English as Saladin- Sultan of Egypt. How did one individual gain the respect of both his Muslim followers and his enemies- the Catholic Europeans? Throughout history Saladin has been portrayed as a charismatic, honourable, virtuous and chivalrous man by the historians and chroniclers of the Middle East and Europe. Even the Europeans who sought to dislike this man due to his religious affiliations could not, as he encompassed all the qualities in which a great leader and a good ‘Christian’ was thought to possess.

As soon as Saladin’s army was big enough he headed on his way to Jerusalem to recapture it from the crusaders who had control of it for many years prior. Saladin took on the crusaders in the battle of Hattin in 1187 where he won and claimed Jerusalem. The capture of Jerusalem angered England’s King Richard I (also known as Richard the Lion Heart) which resulted in Richard starting another crusade and defeating Saladin and his army. In 1191 while trying to arrange a treaty between Saladin and King Richard the Lion Heart Saladin was stubborn and would not agree so King Richard the Lion Heart executed 3,000 Muslim prisoners publicly for all of Saladin’s camp to see. Angered by King Richard’s actions Saladin executed all of his Christian prisoners. On September 2, of 1192 King Richard and Saladin signed a treaty that allowed for Muslim control of Jerusalem but allowed Christian travelers into the city. Saladin died at the age of 55 in 1193 of yellow fever. Saladin barely left his family any money after his death because he had given everything but one gold piece and some silver to charity.

There are many interpretations of the word Jihad, but the most common literal translation from Arabic to English is "struggle." Many interpret the idea of a Jihad as a holy war. While holy war may be part of the struggle of Muslims, it is not the entirety of Jihad. In its primary sense, Jihad is an internal struggle to rid oneself of debased actions or inclinations and devote