Essay on My English

Energy is expended in a number of different ways such as the stated above; resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of activity, thermic effect of feeding and adaptive thermogenesis. An individual’s energy balance is the balance of calories consumed through eating and drinking compared to calories burned through physical activity, what an individual drinks and eat is energy in. what an individual burns though physical activity is energy out. Body weight is maintained and stable in the state of energy balance, the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in food contain chemical energy which is then transformed in the human body in multiple metabolic processes to cellular energy, heat or stored energy. An individual’s burns a certain number of calories just by breathing air and digested food. They also burn a certain number of calories through their daily routine, an important part of maintaining energy balance is the amount of physical activity an

The initial burst of speed and subsequent 5 seconds in the 100m sprint, is fuelled by the Phosphagen ATP- PC system as there is 4-5 times more Phosphocreatine (PCr) readily available in the skeletal muscles compared to that of ATP (1). The initial ATP stored is used within 2 seconds of maximal activity by the Myosin ATPase enzyme to cleave energy, leaving Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is

In this task I will be examining how the different body systems use energy and why the body needs energy. I will also be analysing cellular respiration which is the process in which energy is made, along with the by-products and anabolism and catabolism. Later on in this task I will be analysing how ATP is used in muscle action, protein production and how we as mammals use the energy released as heat.

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

Creatine phosphate has been heavily experimented upon to show that it is an important effector towards muscle activity. When creatine phosphate is present in a solution containing muscle fibers without the presence of ATP, it serves as the energy supplier due to the fact that it absorbs bound adenine nucleotide, which is firmly linked to the contractile elements on muscle fibers (Bozler, 1953). Even in low concentrations this nucleotide can be considered an energy transfer mechanism, for it takes full advantage of the creatine phosphates energy supply, thus acting as a substrate for the enzymatic activity of the contractile elements of a muscle group. Consumption of this nucleotide leads to an increase in the strength of contraction. Creatine phosphate also speeds up rate of relaxation of muscles, for it induces the relaxing effect of ATP (Bozler, 1953). Thus, this research suggests that creatine phosphate is directly linked to instigate muscle contractibility.

As stated before the three energy systems used by the body are the ATP-PC, anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic system. The ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis system (also known as lactic acid system) are anaerobicly based meaning that they don’t need a sufficient amount of oxygen to produce ATP. The aerobic system requires oxygen to produce ATP hence its name. All three system have fuels’ which produce energy. The ATP-PC uses phoso creatine and creatine phosphate, the lactic acid system uses glycogen and the aerobic system uses glycogen and triglycerides . Glycolysis refers to the breaking down of glycogen to from glucose which is used in ATP.

Your body requires energy in order to be able to perform tasks. Energy comes in many different forms. They are chemical, light, sound, heat and mechanical. You can get energy from different food substances i.e. glucose, fatty acids, sugars and amino acids. To be able to get the energy from these food substances energy needs to be released with oxygen. This is known as aerobic respiration. The role that energy plays in our body is the process of moving molecules in and out of our cells while breaking down the larger molecules and building new molecules. The cardiovascular system transports oxygenated blood around the body and to the cells. It will then collect the deoxygenated blood which is ready for the excretion from the cells. The cardiovascular system will deliver the nutrients oxygen and glucose via the blood stream. Oxygen is need for aerobic respiration to occur. The cardiovascular system will pump oxygen and nutrients carrying blood throughout the body. The glucose molecules that are carried by the blood are transported into the cells. Along with the oxygen that is diffused into the cells they are used in respiration to produce ATP. The respiratory system is responsible for bringing in oxygen as well as using it to burn the nutrients that we need for energy. The respiratory system contains alveoli which allow the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream

4. Rowing full speed is putting maximum demands on Jim's muscles. What metabolic process is providing most of the energy for Jim’s muscles at this point and why do Jim's muscles feel like they are burning? (5 points)

P4: Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body

The metabolic process providing my energy while I was walking at an easy pace is aerobic metabolism. During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria absorb from the surrounding cytoplasm these molecules: ADP, phosphate ions, O2, and organic substances like pyruvate. These molecules go through the citric acid cycle. The electron transport chain is also involved to create ATP. For each molecule of pyruvate that goes into the citric acid cycle, the cell gains 17 ATP molecules. Glycogen reserves can also be used and converted to glucose. Glycolysis breaks down glucose

ATP is used in all three systems, phosphagen, anaerobic, and aerobic as the primary energy source. How ATP is processed, used and renewed will depend on the speed, intensity and duration in contractions of our muscles.

The function of ATP is storing energy within a cell. ATP is adenosine triphosphate, C10H16N5O13P3, a high energy complex, giving the necessary power to push metabolistic reactions in the body. Its composed of adenosine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphates.

It can be said that cellular respiration is one of, if not the most important biochemical reactions, this applies even more so for humans. This metabolic pathway is intricate to say the least, yet so very fascinating. It is from this process that we derive energy from the food we consume. It creates our fuel, in specific glucose. Majority of what we consume or at least carbohydrates, breaks down into glucose. The formula for glucose is C6H12O6 (Phelan, 2010). Through cellular respiration energy is produced, and this energy is generated to complete everyday tasks, produce heat within our bodies, and to provide electrical impulses in our brains. This is done so by cells releasing energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and providing that energy for the essential processes of life. All living cells must carry out cellular respiration. This process can be either aerobic or anaerobic. Unlike prokaryotic cells who carry out cellular respiration within their cytoplasm or on the inner surfaces of their cell, the mitochondria are the site of most of the reactions, including cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells. ATP is the energy currency in these cells. In other words, the outcome of cellular respiration is as a production process for ATP (Phelan, 2010)

1. Every cell, whether it belongs to a plant, bacteria or an animal, requires energy from a food source to survive. However, when cells break down food into its sugar components, i.e. glucose, they cannot use these components directly because glucose molecules contain too much energy. Imagine you want to buy pencils for $5 from a store that won’t give change: it is more economical to use a $5 or $10 bill than a $100 bill, thus eliminating waste. The same concepts apply to energy use in cells, instead of using a big energy molecule like glucose and wasting energy, cells will convert it into smaller units for prolonged use. These smaller molecules are called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).