My Group Presentation Was Over Myasthenia Gravis

There were also 13% of the patients who had an improved status but 12% of the patients still had minimal manifestations of MG. it is to be noted that one patient passed away. The results showed an improvement in all the histological subtypes. However, the group of patients who had a greater incidence of CSR were the ones having a hyperplastic thymus. The overall state of the thymomatous patients did improve did improve after the thymectomy but the response was less favourable compared to the non-thymomatous MG patients. Constant follow-up needs to be provided for these patients since there is a risk of metastatic spread and tumour growth. According to a research article published in 2009, more patients were able to have a complete stable remission after a longer period of time. Indeed, a peak rate of CSR was noticeable 15 years post thymectomy. (Takanami, Abiko and Koizumi, 2009). This therefore confirms that thymectomy should be considered as an option in the treatment of MG. Cyclosporine (CsA) is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide that is involved in the complex formation with

Many illnesses and diseases can affect the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The diseases and illness that affect the neuromuscular junction can either affect the post-synpatic or pre-synpatic area. A disease that is known to affect the pre-synpatic neuromuscular junction complex is called autoimmune neuromyotonia, which is also known as Isaacs’ syndrome. Autoimmune neuromyotonia is an inflammatory disorder that is distinguished by abnormal nerve impulses from the peripheral nerves that result in continuous muscle fiber activity and hyperexcitability of the motor neurons(Kiernan, 2014). According to Neuromuscular junction in health and disease by N. P. Hirsch, “Isaacs’ syndrome is characterized by focal or generalized myokymia

When Felix Semon in 1883 , an immigrant Prussian practicing laryngology in London, noted to others present at a meeting of the Clinical Society of London that the Swiss patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy seemed quite similar to the English ones with myxedema. Scoffred at, Semon persisted. The Society finally named a committee to investigate his observation. The report was not finished until 1888, 5 years later , and is now considered a classic .The Committee observed that cretinism, myxedema, and the Swiss post-thyroidectomy changes all were the result of loss of the function of the thyroid body . By this major step in understanding, the report did not offer an effective therapy. Although in Brown-Sequard's work in Paris on the

Thyroidectomy is a common surgery,but one which needs to be taken seriously because of the potential complicationswhich may occur.

Thymomas and thymic carcinoma is an uncommon cancer that affects 1 person per 1.5 million people, which means 400 people in a year will develop this type of cancer. In general, Thymomas are indolent tumors that tend to reoccur rather than metastasis. Thymic cancer is usually invasive with an increase of recurrence and/ or death can happen. Thymoma is the term to describe a neoplasm that show no evidence of atypia cells from the epithelial component. This type of cancer is seen in patients in the age range of 40 to 60 years, but can happen at any age. Survival rates depend on different factors such as stage that is found and the classification of the tumor. The stage is determined by a system called Masaoka and is classified in different categories developed by the world health organization based on what the tumor looks like under the microscope.

Thyroid surgery is a broad term covering any type of operation on the thyroid gland. This is an organ shaped like a butterfly which sits at the front of your neck, producing hormones that maintain your metabolism. Almost all thyroid surgery involves some type of thyroid removal, also called a thyroidectomy. There are two main types of thyroid removal: a total thyroidectomy and a hemithyroidectomy. In a total thyroidectomy, your whole thyroid gland is removed, whereas in a hemithyroidectomy only about one half of it is removed.

Rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg ketamine-HCl (Ketalar, Pfizer, Kırklareli, Turkey) and xylazine 5 mg/kg (Rompun, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey) intraperitoneally. The depth of anesthesia was checked in 4-5 minutes frequencies for repeated corneal reflex. Skin and subcutaneous were passed by the neck necklace incision entering the middle of the submandibular gland, sternohyoid muscle. Sternohyoid and the neck strip muscles were entered. Two thyroid lobes combined with an istmus overlying the tracheal ring were reached. Removing the bilateral thyroid lobes over the trachea, total thyroidectomy was performed with a scalpel. During the process, the bilateral superior thyroid arteries were obliterated

Autoimmune thyroiditis, (or Chronic Autoimmune thyroiditis), is a chronic disease in which the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid’s cells, thereby destroying it. It may present with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and with or without a goiter.

Myotherapy is a form of manual therapy that is extremely beneficial in treating soft tissue pain that is produced by muscle or myofascia dysfunction. It is a form of alternative therapy that is practiced in various countries such as Malaysia, Australia, Philippines, India, France and European nations. The myotherapy based treatment consists of various techniques which include waterloo massage, remedial techniques and trigger point therapy.

The thyroid gland which belongs in the (Endocrine System) is a butterfly-shaped gland that’s located in the front of the neck. The main purpose of the thyroid is that it runs the body metabolism. Hypothyroidism an autoimmune disease what I was diagnosis with some years ago. Now, the autoimmune disease occur when one’s body produces antibody that attacks its own tissue and this can includes the thyroid gland.

An international consensus guidance provides recommendations on the best standard practice for treating Myasthenia Gravis (Hughes, 2016). The recommendations were established to assist providers on best practices for treatment for Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is rare and is not commonly seen very often in practices (Hughes, 2016).

Myasthenia gravis is an immune-mediated disorder by fatigue of skeletal muscles. This typically involves extrinsic ocular or bulbar areas. This disease is usually found in older people but most people do not recognize it and it is rare. It is often confused with cerebrovascular disease. This disease is a post-synaptic neuromuscular junction disorder. There is always fatigue present in this disease. Patients have to take different test such as, itive nerve stimulation and antibody serology.

The Thymus is a pinkish, lobulated organ that is located posterior to the sternum. The main function of the thymus is to process lymphocytes. It is an organ that undergoes involution; around the time of puberty it degenerates. Thymic involution is important as it is believed to be linked to immunosenescence and its associated diseases. Much study has been done to understand the cause and mechanism of thymic degeneration in the hope

The study by Framingham assessed a random population of the ageing persons and got a 4.4% thyroid deficiency incidence. The verification of this study was shown by a clearly eminent serum thyrotropin level more than ten µIU/mL. Females displayed thyroid deficiency (5.9%) more frequently than males (2.3%). The serum thyroxine (T4) level wasn’t a subtle degree of thyroid insufficiency. Among those with apparently preeminent serum TSH levels, only 39%

In a similar study, Pavoni et al. (2016) administered sugammadex (16 mg/kg) to reverse deep neuromuscular block (TOF ratio 0; Post-Tetanic Count 1-2) with rocuronium (1.2 mg/kg) and propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. This reversal was used to monitor MEPs from the laryngeal abductor muscles (LAM) and abductor digit minimum (ADM) muscles during thyroid gland surgery. Time to full recovery of MEPs in these muscles were 70±18.2 sec (LAM) and 135±14.1 sec (ADM). 46