My Personal Definition Of Public Service

About 5,000 years ago the farmers and gatherers who had dominated the previous 5,000 years began to gather and form into small urban communities. Starting in river valleys with water for farming, cities began to rise, marking the beginning of civilization. These cities became opportunities for industry and huge buildings. With the accumulation of people emerged more developed religions and social ranks. Because of the marketing and records needed these civilizations developed different writing. Various traditions and trades emerged, giving these societies distinct and recognizable cultures. The long distance trade and developments in the technological and industrial societies, as well as social and cultural change are what mark the rise of

A: Studies of the cultural landscape and urban morphology of Mesopotamian cities have found signs of social inequality in the varying sizes and ornamentation of houses. Urban elite erected palaces, protected themselves with walls, and employed countless artisans to beautify their spaces. They also established a priest‐king class and developed a religious‐political ideology to support the priest‐kings. Rulers in the cities were both priests and kings, and they levied taxes and demanded tribute from the harvest brought by the agricultural laborers.

The term “civilization” describes a society with several distinct features that distinguish it from any other earlier form of human community. For the first time in human history, societies contained large populations that were concentrated

Today we are convinced that modern, complex societies excel and surpass earlier civilizations. We believe that we live in a period of all around progress, a state that has a positive connotation to most people. During the transition to complex societies, having first arisen in southern Mesopotamia, humans’ relations to the environment and to other people greatly transformed. Although these changes that led to civilized societies had many gains, there were also many losses, which include: social class becoming more exaggerated, the value of kinship dwindling, and the environment being harmed. These are all downfalls to modern

This week reading highlights the 3 categories that signify Public service motives, in which Dr. Wise described as “ the process that causes individuals to perform acts that contribute to the public good as a way of satisfying their personal need” (Stillman, 319). These types are: Affective motive, Rational motives and norm-based motives.

Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of the millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements,

Our class has spent this semester developing insights and creating definitions of the entity we are committed to build future careers around. In the past weeks, we have collaboratively arrived at various definitions that incorporate elements derived from these multidisciplinary-informed investigations. A longitudinal analysis of these group efforts understandably demonstrates sufficient congruity among descriptors ( Activity-Motive-Purpose-Outcome ) to allow construction of a preliminary composite definition of our subject as “ outcome driven behaviors motivated by and directed towards building social capital and encouraging self-actualization”. This global definition encompasses a range of diverse activities ( such as teaching a recent immigrant a new language or mounting a multinational response to an emerging epidemic ) that are generally accepted as falling within the behavioral parameters of the profession we aspire to .

Throughout Mesopotamian history humans found ways of relating to the world through the environment and supernatural entities. When we study the relationship Mesopotamians had with their world, we see a symbolic system of communication that developed from ideology and belief systems. These symbolic systems of communication can be called “rituals”, which were created differently in different areas and time periods, and which were always changing. As defined by Firth (1951), ritual is “a kind of patterned activity oriented towards the control of human affairs, primarily symbolic in character with a non-empirical referent, and as a rule socially sanctioned” (p. 222). Using archeological

Should public-service workers have the right to strike? After all, they are humans that work jobs and deserve a fair amount for their services. But, what would happen if there were no police around nor firefighters to do their job? Things would obviously be a mess. You have to weigh these options and figure out which one is more important. Should we make public-service workers do their jobs even if they are working under a poor conditions or hardly getting paid to feed their families, or should we let them strike over their own benefits and let the area become a complete wasteland? I am here to say that public-service workers should not have the right to strike for more benefits.

The study of changing patterns of public architecture and public space could reveal the changing religious and ideological principles (Marcus and Flannery 1994: 56). This method is useful for time periods when architectural remains for rituals could be found in archaeological records. In China, evidence for the existence of ancestral temples in the Neolithic (2000-4500 B.C.) has not been found, therefore for this time period we have to rely on burial data. But spatial analysis could still be conducted around the spaces near the burial. This approach is still useful for my research.

Mesopotamia is one of the oldest places where civilizations blossomed. In Greek, the word ‘mesopotamia’ means the “land between the rivers (Leick, 2003, p. xii)”. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now known as modern day Iraq. This land was home to many civilizations dating as far back as 10,000 B.C. (Leick, 2003). Each civilization used the different type of resources available to them between the two rivers. In the beginning, civilizations relied mostly on hunting and gathering near the Levantine Coast (Leick, 2003). However, there was a change from hunting and gathering to cultivating and domesticating animals. According to Van De Mieroop, the transition was not sudden “but rather a slow process

Throughout the history of many civilizations, certain characteristics have presented themselves and many of which have been recognized as a commonality in several societies. These frequently seen patterns in history provide important insights to the functions and behaviors of ancient civilizations. There are many commonalities that are existent in many civilizations, but three clearly emerge, as they are fundamental to many societies’ cultures. The common themes of environmental effects on religion, combination of organized religion and culture and the formation of an organized language have all proven to be present throughout all stages of history and each all seem to play a major rule in a civilization’s ability to grow, thrive, expand and even just sustain itself. This common need for expansion, survival and growth present what appear to be history’s “Universal Laws of Humanics”.

Firefighters, police officers, public officials, and health care personnel are some of the first careers individuals think of when the phrase, “public service,” is mentioned. Other people think of philanthropists, teachers, or even nonprofit organizations; however, individuals in these positions are not the only public servants throughout the world; and in some instances, the same individuals who serve as your police officers, public officials, or in any “public servant” position, for that matter, would not be considered a public servant due to bad outcomes from unethical behaviors. The real questions, then, are: how to determine the public official that is, in fact, a public servant compared to the one who is not; how to know what other jobs could be considered a public service and which ones are not; or how to recognize the actual acts of public service from the phony ones? Questions like these, as well as others, will be attempted to be answered in this paper, or at least provide a framework to answer them through the attempt of clarifying what the definition of public service incorporates into its jurisdiction.

There are mistakes, maladministration and misunderstanding that may occur during the delivery of public service in the United Kingdom (UK). The citizens have a right to complain if they feel aggrieved. There are many citizens who normally complain not only for their benefit but to ensure that the public service is improved so that it can cater for the needs of the citizens and so that the same mistakes are not inflicted on others. However, there are instances when the complaints are not resolved by the said service provider. In such an instance when an individual feels that the complaint has not been fully addressed by the government agency, department or National Health Service (NHS) in England, then that individual has a right of asking for the complaint to be referred to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) or the individual can personally refer the matter to the PHSO. This paper seeks to discuss the single reform of the PHSO that would best serve the interests of administrative justice.

Mesopotamia and Harappan societies have long been compared throughout the history of archaeology. Mesopotamia, also known as, 'the land between the rivers,' was named for the triangular area between the Tigris and the Euphrates river, (Nov. 7 lecture). In recent use, it covers a broader area referring to most of what is now Iraq. This adds ancient Assyria and Babylonia to the scope of Mesopotamia (Schultz and Lavenda 1995:310). Parts of Mesopotamia were not inhabited at all until approximately 8000 BC when plants and animals were domesticated, bringing about an agricultural revolution. This allowed nomads and cave dwellers to become farmers and herders.(Whitehouse 1977:129).)