My Unknown Colonies

In Worlds of Wonder in the Northern Colonies by David D. Hall, he discuss the role of religion in the northern colonies. Many of the things that happened or they endured were seen as different manifestations of their religion. Things such as losing material possessions or dying in a unforeseen way were seen as God showing you the error of your ways. In Document five, Dr. Hamilton discusses his time in various parts of the Northern colonies. While in New London he watches as people come together and burn their material possessions in order to save their souls. They believe that by letting go of these worldly possessions that they idolize, their souls shall be set free. They felt unworthy and often felt they were sinners, trying their best to

After a long time coming, the 13 colonies: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, finally won their independence against the british government on July 4th 1776. This war of independence made not only political changes for the US but also around the world. After years of tension building up, the first strike for americans to be against britain was when the British government implemented the Stamp Act. This was a tax on all stamps to help reimburse Britain for the land they acquired for the 13 colonies. The colonist weren’t all that thrilled about this tax not only because the tax was high but because they had no representation

3. The settlement of the colonies was different from what was offered to them and had to find ways how to work with it. There were three types of colonies: Corporate,Royal, Proprietary. Corperate functioned by joint-stock companies. Royal colonies functioned by the authority and the king's government. Proprietary functioned by individuals granted charters of ownership by the king. The Chesapeake Colonies had labor shortages. Landowners observe that there was excelent land but they couldn’t find enough labores. In New England relgion helped settlers from diffuclties they had in Plymouth and Massachusetts. When settlers where dissaponited with the authority of Massachusetts they traveled in search for a better place. They found Connecticut

I identified Citrobacter freundii, the gram negative rod, by running a series of tests. I began with the Phenol Red Lactose tests, which tests if the organism contains various enzymes that determine if it can ferment lactose. The broth turned yellow after it was incubated, indicating that the lactose was fermented to acid, and there was also gas present in the Durham tube. Since the Phenol Red Lactose Test was positive, I then ran the Phenol Red Sucrose test, which tests if the bacteria contain different enzymes that determine if sucrose can be fermented. After incubation, the broth was yellow, indicating that sugar was fermented to acid, and there was also gas present in the Durham tube. Next, I ran the Sulfide Production, Indole Formation, Motility test, but I was only testing for Hydrogen Sulfide Production to differentiate between the organisms Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter aerogenes. This test detects if the organisms can metabolize sulfur into hydrogen sulfide, which is revealed by the formation of ferrous sulfide that causes blackening around the growth. The test also reveals if the organism can break tryptophan into indole or migrate away from initial stab area. After incubation, the agar slant was completely black, indicating that the organism produces hydrogen sulfide and is motile proving that it was Citrobacter

This test is used to detect if the bacteria contains any deoxyribonuclease activity. Because no color change was observed from blue to clear my unknown bacteria displayed a negative result.

1. Describe the purpose and location of the Proclamation Line, and the problems associated with it.

Many historians believe that the biggest factor in the development of the British colonies in North America was geography. This statement is very valid because each region of America had its own special characteristics and natural resources that helped them thrive at different things like fishing, trading, and farming. For example the New England colonies had many mountains, forests, and rivers which gave them an abundant amount of wood and fish. The Middle colonies had a lot of farm land and were surrounded by oceans making it a center of trade. The Southern colonies were made up of flat land and fertile soil which was ideal for growing crops. The geography did not only affect the colonies economically, but it also affected them socially

I inoculated a T-Soy agar with bacteria number 118, for this I used a streak isolation method. Next, in order to distinguish between Gram positive and Gram negative I used a streak isolation technique on a CNA plate, then performed the same exact procedure on a MacConkey plate. The results from the CNA plate showed the Gram Positive bacteria was an Alpha hemolyzer. Next, I used a P Disc on a T-Soy agar inoculated with bacteria 118 and determined the Gram Positive bacteria was not sensitive to P Disc antibiotics. This revealed the Gram Positive bacteria to be Streptococcus Mitis. The results from the MacConkey plate proved the Gram Negative bacteria to be a lactose fermenter. With the Gram Negative bacteria I performed a lysine test with positive results. Next, I performed an ornithine test on the Gram Negative bacteria, with negative results, therefore I concluded the Gram Negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumoniae.

In the Voges-Proskauer test, I inoculated the tube with bacteria from my TSA plate and incubated the tube at 37 degrees Celsius for 3 days. After three days I placed some Barrits Reagent A and Barrits Reagent B in the test tube. The color change of red or pink indicates a positive reaction for acetoin which tells you that the organism is a butanediol fermentor.

In the 13 colonies when King James was around, there were average people from England who didn’t like the way they were living and requested to start a colony across the Atlantic. Eventually, there were 13 colonies living happily with religious freedom and harmony. After many ages of growing and new technology like the automobile, the radio, the PC, and the smartphone the 13 colonies are now states and have some of the identical jobs from all those years ago are still part of the modern day economic activities that happen today. Such as syrup and fruit farming in New England, natural gas extraction and manufacturing in the middle colonies, and peanut cultivation in the southern colonies.

Great Britain saw their relationship with the colonies as a way to make money. The colonies were a source of the raw materials they needed such as sugar, tobacco, and hides. The colonists, in turn, were restricted in their trading so they relied on Britain for all their imported goods and the supplies they needed. England provided great amounts of money and protection to the colonies so they believed they had full authoritative control over the colonists. This can be seen in a quote from the Declaratory Act which states that all “All resolutions, votes, orders, and proceedings in any of the said colonies, whereby the power and authority of the parliament of Great Britain, to make laws and statutes as aforesaid, is denied, or drawn into question,

In class, we were given the task of identifying an unknown bacterium broth culture. After receiving number 69, I went through several tests to figure out what bacterium I received. First, I created a slide from my broth by putting a small amount of the unknown broth on to a clean slide and letting it dry for ten minutes. After this, I stained the slide by applying four reagents in order; crystal violet, grams iodine, decolorizer and safranin. From the stained slide, I discovered that this bacterium was gram-negative, which would determine the next couple of tests I would do to identify my unknown bacterium. I began by streaking for confluent growth from my broth culture onto a TSA plate. From the TSA plate, I aseptically transferred a loop

This is due to the unknown #12 being a gram negative bacteria with rod-shaped cells, etc. The gram staining gave more information on the cell arrangement as it being a single bacillus. Plate streaking at the NA plate was next and in so the microbes pigment and colony morphology was displayed as translucent to white creamy pigment and round convex. The streaking of the EMB, another plate gave more info as it displays a light purple, in so interpreting the organism is not inhibited by eosin and methylene blue. The IMVIC test is one the most recommended in ways that it differentiate gram negative microbes. It has four tests within it, but this test only focused on two. The outcome of the test was inaccurate in ways that the Methyl red test didn’t give any accurate result while the VP test remained accurate. In so moved to the final

From coli ID, red colonies occurred on the agar and contain 1300CFU/g. It shows that sample A contains E.coli. Since Coli ID is a differential medium. If bacteria are coliform, blue colonies will be formed. If bacteria are E. coli, red colonies will be formed.However, there were no any colonies formedfrom VRBA. It maybe the sample freeze for too long time, bacteria were under stress, so coliform could not grow on the VRB agar. The error occurred.

The decolorized Gram negative cells are stained pink. With the results from the Gram stain I was able to follow the “Unknown Identification Flowchart” to the next step, which was to prepare for the Starch Hydrolysis Test by inoculating a starch plate.