Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular system part of the body. Chronic means persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. Autoimmune disorder is the confusion of the body’s immune system. The immune system form antibodies that mistakenly identify healthy tissue as foreign and then, the antibodies will attack and/or destroy healthy body tissue. Neuromuscular is the nervous system relationship with the muscles bring about body movement.

A neuromuscular disease that causes damages to the muscles over time is called muscular dystrophy. This disease is genetically passed down from generation to generation. The cause of the muscle weakness is a lack of protein called dystrophin. This is how they named it muscular dystrophy. This protein causes a numerous of problems for people who have this disease. The disease is only in males, especially the younger male. There are a lot of types of muscular dystrophy. The most common ones are Duchenne, Becker, and Congenital to name a few. Causes, the different types, symptoms, the treatment will all be explained more in depth on the disease more into the paper, so you can get a better understanding of the medical

(What is MS?) “Myelin is the fatty substance that coats and protects nerve fibers” (Pierre). M.S is representing two different area of the disease, neuromuscular and autoimmune. Neuromuscular disorder is the aftermath of the autoimmune disease. The autoimmune disease uses the “powerful tools” of the immune system to create a double edge blade, causing the body to attack itself or as the body thinks to defend off unwanted invaders. Then the Neuromuscular disorder affects the nerves that control the voluntary muscles constricting many bodily functions. (what is autoimmunity/neuromuscular disorders) The treatments for both the disease/disorder have a wide array but there is no cure. The treatments were developed to treat the symptoms of M.S to enhance the patient’s quality of life. There are three areas of focus for the treatment of M.S that falls under pharmaceutical, physical therapy and dietary

Although the cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, there are many explanations for what occurs in the nervous system of people afflicted with fibromyalgia. Specific to this are the various reasons for the intense perception of pain. A change to the myofascia surrounding the muscles has been found to be one of the leading causes of pain and other muscular symptoms of fibromyalgia in the majority of cases. Myofascia is the thin, whitish membrane comprised of a material called 'ground substance' that envelopes and protects the muscle like a sack and which is responsible for supporting and connecting all of the body's muscles together[2]. Normally, neurotransmitters pass easily from the interneurons on one side of the myofascia to create action potentials in the motor neurons attached to the muscles. In the case of people with fibromyalgia, however, often the myofascia has lost its elastic properties and hardened. The ground substance within the myofascia, which is usual in a fluid state, has become more like a solid gel. This change in the myofascia hinders or entirely prevents the neurotransmitters from reaching the motor

Myasthenia gravis is considered an autoimmune disease because people who have it carry an antibody called polyclonal that destroys the acetylcholine receptors (Neurology, 2013). These antibodies destroy receptor sites in the neuromuscular junction faster than the body can produce them. Usually antibodies protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, but in the case of MG it attacks accessories that are required for muscle movement. In a study conducted by Jon Lindstrom and Seybold Marjorie (1998), it was concluded that out of 71 patients with MG, 87 percent of them had a greater amount of antibodies for destroying acetlycholine receptors than normal (Lindstrom & Marjorie, 1998). They compared this amount to 175 patients

Myasthenia Gravis, commonly abbreviated MG, literally means "grave muscle weakness". This autoimmune disease is characterized by antibodies being misdirected to block ,alter, or destroy acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the motor end plate in the neuromuscular junction. ACh is the neurotransmitter used by motor neurons to stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract and as receptors for this neurotransmitter are increasingly attacked, it becomes more difficult for individuals to move their muscles. The hallmark of MG is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Any voluntary muscle is at risk of being affected but those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, and swallowing are most frequently affected. The degree of muscle weakness can range from these localized

Myasthenia Granis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the myoneural function, it is characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the voluntary muscles, often it affects more men than women. It occurs when antibodies at the ACH sites impair transmission of the impulses across the myoneural function. Manifestations such as diplopia, ptosis and facial weaknesses are common (Hinkle &Cheever, 2014).

Myotonic muscular dystrophy, an inherited disease, is the most common type of muscle disease among adults, and is frequently associated with flaccid dysarthria (Duffy, 2013 p. 98). Myotonic muscular dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and mytonia, in the jaw, face, and neck muscles, which can significantly affect speech, due to the muscles inability to adequately produce a contract-constrict sequence required for speech production (de Swart, 2004). This muscle insufficiency as a result of muscle disease can lead to reduced loudness, speech rate, and intelligibility, as well as hypernasality, hoarseness, and monotone voice (de Swart, 2004). However, researchers have previously found that myotonia may temporarily improve when an

Myasthenia Gravis(MG) is an auto immune disorder characterized by sudden dysarthria, which affects muscles that help produce speech, causing difficultly to pronounce words. But other symptoms include, droopy eye lids, muscle weakness and difficulty swallowing. Because of the sudden dysarthria, many elderly people are being misdiagnosed for possible strokes. Due to the great extent of the misdiagnoses of MG, researchers did a study presenting four subjects that had been presented to the ER with history of hypertension and sudden onset dysarthria. After considering the patients in each study, researchers found that all patients were initially misdiagnosed and treated for strokes, therefore prolonging the correct diagnose of MG and the correct form of treatment for these patients. Once each patient

Myopathy is a neuromuscular disorders, that comes from nerves and muscles like cramps, stiffness or spasms.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that affects nerve impulses to skeletal muscles. There are varying types of this disease and the symptoms can range from mild, a person having peripheral skeletal muscle weakness, to severe, a person having breathing problems (Sieb, 2014). Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed in 20 out of 100,000 people in the United States, and women are more likely than men to have the disease (Meriggioli and Sanders, 2012). This autoimmune disease can happen at any age, but women generally have an earlier onset than men; the mean age for females is 28 and 42 for males (Nair, Patil-Chhablani, Venkatramani, and Gandhi 2014). To better understand this disease this

Voltage-gated calcium channels function in many ways, one of the most important of which is its role in stimulating the release of vesicles containing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction. As an action potential reaches the terminus of the neuron, voltage-gated calcium channels are opened causing an influx of calcium into the presynaptic terminal. Acetylcholine filled vesicles, in response to the increase in calcium concentration, fuse to the plasma membrane releasing acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction. When released in sufficient quantities at neuromuscular junctions acetylcholine binds to post synaptic receptors on the muscle cells and causes contraction of the muscle. If this delicate system

Myasthenia gravis is a disease that affects voluntary muscles of the body; it causes the weakening of the muscles. In this essay we will talk about how to treat myasthenia gravis, the symptoms and causes

The decrease in the amount of AChRs is believed to be due to multiple mechanisms. Anti-AchR antibodies bind to and block target receptors, increase the turnover of receptors, and damage the postsynaptic membrane by fixing complement. Autoantibodies against the AChR are present approximately 80% of patients with MG. However, over 40% of the patients without antibodies to AChR will have antibodies directed against the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK). The MuSK protein is a transmembrane component at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. The MuSK complex mediates the clustering of AchR during NMJ formation

Damage to the neuromuscular junctions is due to an autoimmune disease called myasthenia graves. The motor end plates, which are located on skeletal muscles, are affected because there is a decrease in the amount of Ach receptors located on the motor end plate, which is connected to the neuromuscular junction. The decrease is due to the unnecessary production of antibodies, which bind to the motor end plate. This prevents Ach from binding to the receptors to carry out a synapse between the skeletal muscle and a neuron, leading to a stop or weakening of muscle contraction. The decrease in the amounts of synapses cause the skeletal muscle to lose function, become weaker, and tire more easily.