Myasthenia Gravis Research Paper

There are also people with various factors that increase the risk of a person becoming affected by the disease. Age plays a large role in acquiring the disease. Since the disease is largely found in elderly people, the general age for onset is around age 65. After that, the number of people affected continues to increase with age. Another risk factor is

Periodic Paralysis Syndrome is a blanket term for a couple of inherited muscular disorders. The most common types are hypokalemic periodic paralysis and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Both of these are inherited and generally present from childhood, tho it is possible for symptoms to start showing later in adolescence. In hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, high levels of potassium in the blood interact with genetically caused abnormalities in sodium channels (pores that allow the passage of sodium molecules) in muscle cells, resulting in temporary muscle weakness and, when severe, in temporary paralysis. This disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel. Hypokalemic disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel (Medline Plus).

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive neurological disease affecting all aspects of life: physical, cognitive, emotional, and social (Abma). It is known as an autoimmune disease, Where the body’s immune system turns against the body and destroys the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. This damage to the nerve cells causes many problems for the patient including weakness, muscle stiffness, poor coordination and balance, tingling, numbness, tremors, blurred vision, slurred speech, and memory and concentration problems (Bren)

Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs when there is a long period of inactivity of the muscles or defects in motor neuron's (Reilly, Beau 2015). Defects in the motor neurons that stimulate the muscle cause the muscle mass to decrease as proteins that initiate contractions of muscle dissipate. Stimulus is not transferred to the weakened muscle fibers effectively, reducing the contractile force possible for generation from the stimulus. Muscle mass increases upon recovery, as restimulation of the muscle enlarges fiber size, thus a greater contractile force can be generated from the stimulus.

It happens when your nerve endings fail to interact properly with your muscles. MG usually affects the muscles of the eyes, face, neck, arms, and legs. MG is most common in young women 20 to 30 years of age, and in men 60 to 70 years of age.(Myasthenia) What makes this relevant is that Myasthenia Gravis can be developed in the human body if you are exposed to neurotoxins like Sarin. On base by the Syrian border, sirens were triggered daily and the officials at the base said that they were false alarms even though they knew that they were not. “A woman named Tracy Elledge, a former combat engineer and one of the veterans I interviewed, said, “Alarms went off all the time.… Our officers told us they were false and to disconnect

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular system part of the body. Chronic means persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. Autoimmune disorder is the confusion of the body’s immune system. The immune system form antibodies that mistakenly identify healthy tissue as foreign and then, the antibodies will attack and/or destroy healthy body tissue. Neuromuscular is the nervous system relationship with the muscles bring about body movement.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that leads to the gradual weakening of the muscle cells. Various causes lead to weak and deteriorating muscles depending on the type of muscular dystrophy the patient was affected by. However, there are many causes for muscular dystrophy due to the fact that there are thirty forms of muscular dystrophy, which are categorized under several categories. All are ultimately caused by autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked, and random mutations in very rare cases.

The symptoms are also effected by the age of the carrier. If an adult is experiencing muscle weakness especially in the leg, hand, neck, and face, and myotonia, which is uncontrollable contraction of muscles, they should be suspected of having DM1. If a newborn has hypotonia, facial muscle weakness, general weakness, positional malformations, or respiratory insufficiency, it should also be suspected of having DM1. Many testes are available to be able to determine if you have DM1. Some tests include electromyography, serum CK concentration, and a muscle biopsy. Checking allele sizes also help to determine whether or not you are positive for DM1. Unfortunately, since the disorder is rare, it is very difficult to predict a prognosis on it. “Non-molecular testing that has been used in the past to establish the diagnosis of DM1 currently has little role in diagnosis and is primarily used if molecular testing of DMPK does not identify the CTG repeat expansion and other myopathies are being considered.” (Thomas D. Bird).

Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy, abbreviated MMD, is a disease that affects the muscles and organs of a body. To break Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy down, the word myotonic is the adjective for myotonia, which is an inability to relax muscles at will. Muscular dystrophy means the gradual muscle degeneration, which weakens and shrinks muscle tissue. Knowing the breakdown of MMD, this disease summed up means a person is restricted to relax their muscles at their own will whenever they would like ("Overview Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy"). MMD is also known as "Steinert Disease", which was named after a German doctor who first described the disorder in 1909 ("Facts About Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy").

Spinal muscle atrophy, also known as SMA, is a genetic disease that takes the physical strength of people. It affects the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord, leaving the people who are affected unable to walk, eat, and sometimes even breath on their own (Izenberg, 2016). Most of the nerve cells that control muscles are located in the spinal cord, this is why it is spinal. It is muscular because it affects the muscles. Atrophy is the medical term for getting smaller and that is what happens when they are not used (The Muscular Dystrophy Association, 2016). When an individual has SMA they are not using their muscles as much or at all. That is how Spinal Muscle Atrophy got its name.

Myasthenia Gravis(MG) is an auto immune disorder characterized by sudden dysarthria, which affects muscles that help produce speech, causing difficultly to pronounce words. But other symptoms include, droopy eye lids, muscle weakness and difficulty swallowing. Because of the sudden dysarthria, many elderly people are being misdiagnosed for possible strokes. Due to the great extent of the misdiagnoses of MG, researchers did a study presenting four subjects that had been presented to the ER with history of hypertension and sudden onset dysarthria. After considering the patients in each study, researchers found that all patients were initially misdiagnosed and treated for strokes, therefore prolonging the correct diagnose of MG and the correct form of treatment for these patients. Once each patient

Myasthenia gravis is a disease that affects voluntary muscles of the body; it causes the weakening of the muscles. In this essay we will talk about how to treat myasthenia gravis, the symptoms and causes

In the world today, there are approximately about 10 in one million people who are affected by the disease called myositis. With it being a rare, myositis is a disease in which the skin and muscle fibers become damaged or inflamed which result in muscle weakness. There are many different types of myositis along with causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is a self-limiting disease characterized by areflexia and acute progressive motor weakness of at least one limb. Other symptoms include motor weakness of the extremities and face, loss or reduction of deep tendon reflexes, decreased sensation throughout the body,ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. In severe cases respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction may occur. Respiratory failure results from the demyelination of the phrenic and intercostal nerves. Consequently, the person loses the ability to inhale and exhale. Autonomic dysfunction resulting from the demyelination of the sympathetic and vagus nerves can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,