Mycobacterium Bacteris

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of various household products may have on bacterial growth. The bacteria that was chosen as a test subject is Micrococcus luteus, which is generally considered a harmless bacterium unless the host has a weakened immune system. Among the household products that a set of groups will test are common cleaning and disinfecting products such as rubbing alcohol, Betadine, Germ-X, Neosporin, liquid hand soap, and Lysol cleaner. In the experiment, the bacterium, Micrococcus luteus, is to be swabbed and grown in a Petri dish divided into four sections with agar in each. After that, a small circle of thin paper is soaked in the four household items. Then, a piece of parafilm

There are many types of bacteria that can be found in your bathroom. They might also be found on your toothbrush! I have been researching about what bacteria are lurking in my bathroom. I placed 6 petri dishes filled with agar in my bathroom. I left them there for 24 hours to collect bacteria samples.

Unknown bacteria determined to be Alcaligenes faecalis because of its morphological, physiological and metabolic properties.

Micrococcus luteus was first isolated and discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming. Is a gram positive bacteria that is commonly found on human skin, water, soil and dust. Since it is an obligate aerobe and thrives in the presence of oxygen, it is also found in the human respiratory tract. It takes the shape of cocci and is often clumped irregularly, in tetrads, or groups of four. It is also non-motile and does not form endospores. Although it has a specific optimal temperature range of about 37 to 45 degrees Celsius, it is halophilic. Micrococcus luteus is also catalase positive, meaning that it produces an enzyme that protects it from any harmful oxygen metabolism by-products (Bergey, 1923).

(McMurray, 2007). “The agent in this study is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid fast aerobic rod that reproduces slowly and is hypersensitive to heat and ultraviolet light. TB primarily affects the respiratory system; however, it can also affect the pericardium, lymph nodes, meninges, kidneys, intestines, bones, joints, and reproductive organs” (The Merck Manual, 2014). “The transmission of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread from person to person via airborne droplets through actions such as coughing, talking and sneezing. The smaller the droplet, the longer it can stay in the air after the infected person has left the area. This causes an increase in the probability of inhalation by another individual. Passing TB from a family member or co-worker is more likely than a stranger in a store or on the streets”. (Reichler et. al, 2002). Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the infectious disease agent, is readily transmitted to susceptible humans, the host, through respiratory exposure in communal settings or public gatherings, the environment. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as cancer, being on corticosteroid therapy, and HIV/AIDS, are at greatest risk for getting TB infection. Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to illnesses at the hospitals and long term care facilities, which puts them at risk for

As the flowchart shows, a series of tests were conducted to identify the unknown bacterium #65. Microscopic observation of the gram stain indicated a gram-positive coccus bacterium. S. epidermidis was used as the gram-positive control while E. coli was used as the gram-negative control. This observation led to the elimination of all gram negative and rod-shaped genera: Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Alcaligenes, Neisseria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Erwinia, Veillonella, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Lactobacillus, Listeria and Kurthia (2). By performing the catalase test, it was determined that the bacterium was catalase negative and it did not produce bubbles. M. luteus and E. faecalis were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

In this process, I am determined to know my unknown bacteria. So I start by inoculating my unknown bacteria, and spread it on the surface of my EMB medium agar, I take the EMB medium and place it on my incubator chamber. I will get my result on the following day. When the day comes, I walk to the incubator to take out my result, and I found out that it is showing shining green culture on top of the agar. I notice that it is a positive result, and I follow through the dichotomous key, which help me to separate the bacteria from others base on this characteristic. EMB test for Gram-negative bacteria because it has a built-in lactose fermentation that allow them to grow. I make another culture of the unknown bacteria for the following day.

Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit to block translocation. Fluoroquinolones block replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase (they relax topoisomerase II and add a supercoil) and topoisomerase IV. Beta-lactams bind the penicillin-binding proteins to block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan. Treatment with any antibiotic should be for at least 5 days, and should not be stopped until the patient is afebrile for 48–-72 hours. Therapy should not be stopped if the patient has a heart

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen, which its physiology is directly linked to features of tuberculosis that it causes. The crucial feature for a mycobacteria’s survival is its unique cell wall structure. The insoluble cell wall core of MTB is formed by a large variety of lipid-containing molecules, such as mycolic acid, that are covalently attached (6). This hydrophobic cell wall provides a physical protection from the host immune response and serves as a barrier against many toxic insults (2). Further, the complex MTB cell wall is impermeable to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, resulting in inherent resistance of MTB to most common antibiotics (8). Lipoarabinomannan is an antigen on the outside of the organism. This antigen is another important component of the cell wall because it inhibit the fusion of Mycobacterium-containing phagosomes with lysosomal compartments (4). Lipoarabinomannan hinders the fusion of phagosome with lysosome by impairing Ca2+/calmodulin pathway and inactivates macrophages (8). Therefore, this cell-surface component of MTB is able to facilitate the survival of mycrobacteria within macrophages (8). Also, MTB is able to survive the harsh environment of the host tissues by utilizing any available

Three bacteria's that live in the human body are Bifidobacterium, Escherichia Coli, and Streptococcus. One of the bacteria's that live in our body is Bifidobacterium longum. This is a multi-faceted extremely friendly bacterium that resides in the digestive tract and helps to keep the whole digestive system running smoothly. B. longum also inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria and it produces lactic acid. This can help people who are lactose intolerant. They are believed to be one of the most dominant friendly bacterial species that live inside us, and are early colonizers of the digestive tract of newborn infants. Some health benefits are: stimulation

Once exposed individuals are identified, they should receive post exposure antibiotic prophylaxis. Likewise, they should also be monitored for development of cough, fever, or other signs of illness. The recommended prophylactic regimens for exposed adult are doxycycline and ciprofloxacin (Thompson, 2007). In the case that the individuals receiving post exposure prophylactic antibiotic starts exhibiting symptoms or signs of illness, they should seek immediate medical attention and closely monitored for pneumonic

Leprosy an infection primarily of the skin and nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This particular bacterium has been very hard to study over the years because of the slow rate at which it multiplies, making the only practical way to research Mycobacterium leprae being inoculation of the infection into mice (specifically the foot pads) and armadillos (one of the only animals known to be infected by Mycobacterium leprae naturally other than a few select species of non-human primate). Leprosy has been running its course throughout the majority of recorded history with one of the first documented cases being written about in Egypt in approximately the year 1500 B.C. No real scientific progress was made in identifying the

Microbiologists believe that Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes antibiotic resistant when it exchanges genes with other already resistant bacteria because bacteria mutate and spread rapidly within hours. There are three forms of gene mutations categorized as conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation permits the transfer of DNA from one cell to another whereas transformation occurs when a cell decays. While its cell wall falls apart, the inner genetic makeup becomes available to other

The zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been established owing to similarities in clinical findings and pathological lesions between Johne’s disease (JD) (Paratuberculosis) in animals and Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans. Clinical symptoms of paratuberculosis results in chronic intermittent diarrhea, fever, weight loss and remission and relapse, with unresponsiveness to antibiotics leading to progressive wasting, emaciation and death. Pathological lesions of paratuberculosis in human and animals are characterized by chronic intestinal granulomatous inflammation (Momotani et al., 2012). MAP has widest host range from domestic to wild ruminants including primates and human beings (Singh et al.,